DISCLOSURES
The physician-initiated study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and, where applicable, approved by the local Institutional Review Boards in the participating countries. Informed consent was obtained following local rules and regulations before starting the study.
The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this manuscript. This work was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from CeraVe International, which also supplied the study skincare products. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analyses, or data interpretation, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. All authors contributed to the study and the manuscript, reviewed it, and agreed with its content.
The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this manuscript. This work was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from CeraVe International, which also supplied the study skincare products. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analyses, or data interpretation, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. All authors contributed to the study and the manuscript, reviewed it, and agreed with its content.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We thank Kaitlyn M. Enright MSc for her assistance in developing
and conducting the study and data analysis support. We thank
the following physicians who participated in this study: Robert
S. Kirsner MD PhD, United States; Ryan de Cruz MBBS BMedSci
FACD, Australia; Sophie Janssens MD, Belgium; Leninha Valerio
do Nascimento MD PhD, Brazil; Martha MartÃnez MD, CAM; Javier
Arellano MD, Chile; Alexander Katoulis MD MSc PhD, Greece;
Laura Maestroni MD, Italy; Angelica Beirana MD, Mexico; Sanaa
Alaoui Bensaid MD, Morocco; Liliana Sofia Ferreira Moita MD,
Portugal; Monica Vladaia MD, Romania; Elizaveta Topychkanova
PhD, Russia; Norma Alejandra Doria Carlin MD, Spain; Samuel
(Hung-Ling) Chen MD MS, Taiwan; Wareeporn Disphanurat
MD, Thailand; Kelly Hanlon MD, Ireland; Syed Raza MD, United
Kingdom.
REFERENCES
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2. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Sarwar N, Gao P, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies [published correction appears in Lancet. 2010;376(9745):958. Hillage HL [corrected to Hillege, H L]]. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2215-2222.
3. Kirsner RS, Yosipovitch G, Hu S, et al. Diabetic skin changes can benefit from moisturizer and cleanser use: a review. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(12):1211- 1217.
4. Stefaniak AA, Krajewski PK, Bednarska-Chabowska D et al., Itch in the adult population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical profile, pathogenesis and disease related burden in a cross-sectional study. Biology (Basel). 2021;1332(10):1-17. doi.org/10.3390/biology10121332
5. Draelos ZD, Baalbaki NH, Raab S, Colón G. The effect of a ceramidecontaining product on stratum corneum lipid levels in dry legs. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(4):372-376.
6. Vender RB, Andriessen A, Barankin B, et al. Cohort using a ceramides containing cleanser and cream with salicylic acid for dry, flaking, and scaling skin conditions. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(1):80-85.
7. Lynde CW, Andriessen A. A cohort study on a ceramide containing cleanser and moisturizer for atopic dermatitis. Cutis. 2014;93:207-213.
8. Guenther L, Lynde CW, Andriessen A, et al. Pathway to dry skin prevention and treatment. J Cutan Med Surg. 2012;16(1):23-31.
9. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39:175-191.
10. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41:1149-1160.
11. National Research Council. Guidelines on the Handling of Missing Data in Clinical Trials. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2010.
12. de Macedo GM, Nunes S, Barreto T. Skin disorders in diabetes mellitus: an epidemiology and physiopathology review. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2016;8(1):63. doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0176-y.
13. Amin N, Doupis J. Diabetic foot disease: from the evaluation of the "foot at risk" to the novel diabetic ulcer treatment modalities. World J Diabetes. 2016;7(7):153-164.
14. Kim S, Ly BK, Ha JH, et al. A consistent skin care regimen leads to objective and subjective improvements in dry human skin: investigator-blinded randomized clinical trial. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022;33(1):300-305.
15. Okano J, Kojima H, Katagi M, et al. Hyperglycemia induces skin barrier dysfunctions with impairment of epidermal integrity in non-wounded skin of type 1 diabetic mice. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0166215.
16. Quondamatteo F. Skin and diabetes mellitus: what do we know? Cell Tissue Res. 2014;355(1):1-21.
17. Park HY, Kim JH, Jung M, et al. A long-standing hyperglycaemic condition impairs skin barrier by accelerating skin ageing process. Exp Dermatol. 2011;20(12):969-974.
18. Hagen KM, Ousman SS. Aging and the immune response in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Neuroimmunol. 2021;355:577574.
19. Piérard GE, Seité S, Hermanns-Lê T, Delvenne P, Scheen A, Piérard- Franchimont C. The skin landscape in diabetes mellitus. Focus on dermocosmetic management. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2013;6:127- 135.
20. Ali SM, Yosipovitch G. Skin pH: from basic science to basic skin care. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93(3):261-267.
21. Kim S, Ly BK, Ha JH, et al. A consistent skin care regimen leads to objective and subjective improvements in dry human skin: investigator-blinded randomized clinical trial. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022;33(1):300-305.
22. Nisbet SJ, Dykes P, Snatchfold J. Single application of lamellar moisturizers provides significantly increased hydration of the stratum corneum for up to 24 hours in a randomized trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(11):3091-3095.
23. Bojanowski K, Swindell WR, Cantor S, et al. Isosorbide Di-(Linoleate/Oleate) stimulates pro-differentiation gene expression to restore the epidermal barrier and improve skin hydration. J Invest Dermatol. 2021;141(6):1416- 1427.e12.
24. McClanahan D, Wong A, Kezic S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an emollient with ceramide and filaggrin-associated amino acids for the primary prevention of atopic dermatitis in high-risk infants. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(11):2087-2094.
25. Leshem YA, Wong A, McClanahan D, et al. The effects of common over-thecounter moisturizers on skin barrier function: a randomized, observer-blind, within-patient, controlled study. Dermatitis. 2020;31(5):309-315.
26. Pereira MP, Derichs L, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Agelopoulos K, Ständer S. Generalized chronic itch induced by small-fibre neuropathy: clinical profile and proposed diagnostic criteria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(8):1795-1802.
27. Pereira MP, Wiegmann H, Agelopoulos K, et al. Neuropathic itch: routes to clinical diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:641746.
2. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Sarwar N, Gao P, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies [published correction appears in Lancet. 2010;376(9745):958. Hillage HL [corrected to Hillege, H L]]. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2215-2222.
3. Kirsner RS, Yosipovitch G, Hu S, et al. Diabetic skin changes can benefit from moisturizer and cleanser use: a review. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(12):1211- 1217.
4. Stefaniak AA, Krajewski PK, Bednarska-Chabowska D et al., Itch in the adult population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical profile, pathogenesis and disease related burden in a cross-sectional study. Biology (Basel). 2021;1332(10):1-17. doi.org/10.3390/biology10121332
5. Draelos ZD, Baalbaki NH, Raab S, Colón G. The effect of a ceramidecontaining product on stratum corneum lipid levels in dry legs. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(4):372-376.
6. Vender RB, Andriessen A, Barankin B, et al. Cohort using a ceramides containing cleanser and cream with salicylic acid for dry, flaking, and scaling skin conditions. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(1):80-85.
7. Lynde CW, Andriessen A. A cohort study on a ceramide containing cleanser and moisturizer for atopic dermatitis. Cutis. 2014;93:207-213.
8. Guenther L, Lynde CW, Andriessen A, et al. Pathway to dry skin prevention and treatment. J Cutan Med Surg. 2012;16(1):23-31.
9. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39:175-191.
10. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41:1149-1160.
11. National Research Council. Guidelines on the Handling of Missing Data in Clinical Trials. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2010.
12. de Macedo GM, Nunes S, Barreto T. Skin disorders in diabetes mellitus: an epidemiology and physiopathology review. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2016;8(1):63. doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0176-y.
13. Amin N, Doupis J. Diabetic foot disease: from the evaluation of the "foot at risk" to the novel diabetic ulcer treatment modalities. World J Diabetes. 2016;7(7):153-164.
14. Kim S, Ly BK, Ha JH, et al. A consistent skin care regimen leads to objective and subjective improvements in dry human skin: investigator-blinded randomized clinical trial. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022;33(1):300-305.
15. Okano J, Kojima H, Katagi M, et al. Hyperglycemia induces skin barrier dysfunctions with impairment of epidermal integrity in non-wounded skin of type 1 diabetic mice. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0166215.
16. Quondamatteo F. Skin and diabetes mellitus: what do we know? Cell Tissue Res. 2014;355(1):1-21.
17. Park HY, Kim JH, Jung M, et al. A long-standing hyperglycaemic condition impairs skin barrier by accelerating skin ageing process. Exp Dermatol. 2011;20(12):969-974.
18. Hagen KM, Ousman SS. Aging and the immune response in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Neuroimmunol. 2021;355:577574.
19. Piérard GE, Seité S, Hermanns-Lê T, Delvenne P, Scheen A, Piérard- Franchimont C. The skin landscape in diabetes mellitus. Focus on dermocosmetic management. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2013;6:127- 135.
20. Ali SM, Yosipovitch G. Skin pH: from basic science to basic skin care. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93(3):261-267.
21. Kim S, Ly BK, Ha JH, et al. A consistent skin care regimen leads to objective and subjective improvements in dry human skin: investigator-blinded randomized clinical trial. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022;33(1):300-305.
22. Nisbet SJ, Dykes P, Snatchfold J. Single application of lamellar moisturizers provides significantly increased hydration of the stratum corneum for up to 24 hours in a randomized trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(11):3091-3095.
23. Bojanowski K, Swindell WR, Cantor S, et al. Isosorbide Di-(Linoleate/Oleate) stimulates pro-differentiation gene expression to restore the epidermal barrier and improve skin hydration. J Invest Dermatol. 2021;141(6):1416- 1427.e12.
24. McClanahan D, Wong A, Kezic S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of an emollient with ceramide and filaggrin-associated amino acids for the primary prevention of atopic dermatitis in high-risk infants. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(11):2087-2094.
25. Leshem YA, Wong A, McClanahan D, et al. The effects of common over-thecounter moisturizers on skin barrier function: a randomized, observer-blind, within-patient, controlled study. Dermatitis. 2020;31(5):309-315.
26. Pereira MP, Derichs L, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Agelopoulos K, Ständer S. Generalized chronic itch induced by small-fibre neuropathy: clinical profile and proposed diagnostic criteria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(8):1795-1802.
27. Pereira MP, Wiegmann H, Agelopoulos K, et al. Neuropathic itch: routes to clinical diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:641746.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Anneke Andriessen PhD anneke.a@tiscali.nl
