Research Team. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-733.
2. Bridges C.B. Kuehnert M.J. Hall C.B. Transmission of influenza: implications for control in health care settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 37: 1094-1101
3. Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):418-423. doi:10.1002/jmv. 25681
4. Wang R, Pan M, Zhang X, Fan X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of 125 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Fuyang, Anhui, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 April 11. Pii: S1201-9712(20)30203-4. doi: 10.1016/j. ijid.2020.03.070
5. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19, World health organization Interim guidance April 6, 2020 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/ 10665/331693/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.3-eng.pdf?sequence =1&isAllowed=y 6. World Health Organization. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19 (accessed 6 April 2020) https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ handle/10665/331693/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.3-eng. pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 7. National services scotland. Transmission Based Precautions Literature Review: Surgical Masks, Version 2.0 (October 2017) https://hpspubsrepo. blob.core.windows.net/hps-website/nss/1723/documents/1_tbp-lr-masksv2.0. pdf
8. Gefen A, Alves P, Ciprandi G, et al. An international consensus on device- related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention. Br J Nurs. 2020 Mar 12;29(5):S36-S38. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.5.S36. https://doi. org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.Sup2a.S1
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmdbyyha5ng&list=PLUCiA4BWx2zG5 Ytn-eNCHTtMSpM7n_ilN&index=3&t=0s
10. [NIOSH [2010]. How to properly put on and take off a disposable respirator. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-133 https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ docs/2010-133/pdfs/2010-133.pdf.)
11. Foo CC1, Goon AT, Leow YH, Goh CL. Adverse skin reactions to personal protective equipment against severe acute respiratory syndrome--a descriptive study in Singapore. Contact Dermatitis. 2006 Nov;55(5):291-4.
12. Rocha MA, Bagatin E Arch. Skin barrier and microbiome in acne. Dermatology Res. 2018 Apr;310(3):181-185.
13. Barnard E, Dawson TL Ramasamy S. The role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology. Br J Dermatol. 2019 Oct;181(4):691-699.
14. Balato A, Cacciapuoti S, Di Caprio R, et al. Human microbiome: composition and role in inflammatory skin diseases. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis. (2019) 67:1–18
15. Chen Y, Lyga J. Inflamm Brain-Skin Connection: Stress, Inflammation and Skin Aging. Allergy Drug Targets. 2014 Jun; 13(3): 177–190.
16. Chiu A, Chon S Y, Kimball A B. The response of skin disease to stress: changes in the severity of acne vulgaris as affected by examination stress. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139 (7):897–900.
17. Zouboulis C C, Seltmann H, Hiroi N, Chen W, Young M, Oeff M, Scherbaum W A, Orfanos C E, McCann S M, Bornstein S R. Corticotropin-releasing hormone: an autocrine hormone that promotes lipogenesis in human sebocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA. 2002;99 (10):7148–7153.
18. Boesten D M, de Vos-Houben J M, Timmermans L, den Hartog G J, Bast A, Hageman G J. Accelerated aging during chronic oxidative stress: a role for PARP-1. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013. 2013:680414
2. Bridges C.B. Kuehnert M.J. Hall C.B. Transmission of influenza: implications for control in health care settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 37: 1094-1101
3. Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):418-423. doi:10.1002/jmv. 25681
4. Wang R, Pan M, Zhang X, Fan X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of 125 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Fuyang, Anhui, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 April 11. Pii: S1201-9712(20)30203-4. doi: 10.1016/j. ijid.2020.03.070
5. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19, World health organization Interim guidance April 6, 2020 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/ 10665/331693/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.3-eng.pdf?sequence =1&isAllowed=y 6. World Health Organization. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19 (accessed 6 April 2020) https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ handle/10665/331693/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.3-eng. pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 7. National services scotland. Transmission Based Precautions Literature Review: Surgical Masks, Version 2.0 (October 2017) https://hpspubsrepo. blob.core.windows.net/hps-website/nss/1723/documents/1_tbp-lr-masksv2.0. pdf
8. Gefen A, Alves P, Ciprandi G, et al. An international consensus on device- related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention. Br J Nurs. 2020 Mar 12;29(5):S36-S38. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.5.S36. https://doi. org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.Sup2a.S1
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmdbyyha5ng&list=PLUCiA4BWx2zG5 Ytn-eNCHTtMSpM7n_ilN&index=3&t=0s
10. [NIOSH [2010]. How to properly put on and take off a disposable respirator. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-133 https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ docs/2010-133/pdfs/2010-133.pdf.)
11. Foo CC1, Goon AT, Leow YH, Goh CL. Adverse skin reactions to personal protective equipment against severe acute respiratory syndrome--a descriptive study in Singapore. Contact Dermatitis. 2006 Nov;55(5):291-4.
12. Rocha MA, Bagatin E Arch. Skin barrier and microbiome in acne. Dermatology Res. 2018 Apr;310(3):181-185.
13. Barnard E, Dawson TL Ramasamy S. The role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology. Br J Dermatol. 2019 Oct;181(4):691-699.
14. Balato A, Cacciapuoti S, Di Caprio R, et al. Human microbiome: composition and role in inflammatory skin diseases. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis. (2019) 67:1–18
15. Chen Y, Lyga J. Inflamm Brain-Skin Connection: Stress, Inflammation and Skin Aging. Allergy Drug Targets. 2014 Jun; 13(3): 177–190.
16. Chiu A, Chon S Y, Kimball A B. The response of skin disease to stress: changes in the severity of acne vulgaris as affected by examination stress. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139 (7):897–900.
17. Zouboulis C C, Seltmann H, Hiroi N, Chen W, Young M, Oeff M, Scherbaum W A, Orfanos C E, McCann S M, Bornstein S R. Corticotropin-releasing hormone: an autocrine hormone that promotes lipogenesis in human sebocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA. 2002;99 (10):7148–7153.
18. Boesten D M, de Vos-Houben J M, Timmermans L, den Hartog G J, Bast A, Hageman G J. Accelerated aging during chronic oxidative stress: a role for PARP-1. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013. 2013:680414
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Mehreen Hall DO maysheikh@gmail.com
