5. Poon F, Kang S, Chien AL. Mechanisms and treatments of photoaging. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2015;31(2):65–74. doi: 10.1111/ phpp.12145.
6. Gilchrest BA. Photoaging. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(E1):E2-6. doi: 10.1038/skinbio.2013.176.
7. Xue M, Jackson CJ. Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2015;4(3):119–136. doi: 10.1089/wound.2013.0485.
8. Yaar M, Gilchrest BA. Photoageing: mechanism, prevention and therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(5):874–887. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08108.x.
9. Alexiades-Armenakas MR, Dover JS, Arndt KA. The spectrum of laser skin resurfacing: nonablative, fractional, and ablative laser resurfacing. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5):719–737; quiz 738–740. doi: 10.1016/j. jaad.2008.01.003.
10. Lolis MS, Goldberg DJ. Radiofrequency in cosmetic dermatology: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38(11):1765–1776. doi: 10.1111/j.1524- 4725.2012.02547.x.
11. Kleidona IA, Karypidis D, Lowe N, Myers S, Ghanem A. Fractional radiofrequency in the treatment of skin aging: an evidence-based treatment protocol. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2020;22(1):9–25. doi: 10.1080/14764172.2019.1674448.
12. Ali ST, Feldman SR. Patient satisfaction in dermatology: a qualitative assessment. Dermatol Online J. 2014;20(2):doj_21534.
13. Gibbons C, Singh S, Gibbons B, Clark C, Torres J, Cheng MY, et al. Using qualitative methods to understand factors contributing to patient satisfaction among dermatology patients: a systematic review. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018 ;29(3):290–294. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1364688.
14. Poulos GA, Brodell RT, Mostow EN. Improving Quality and Patient Satisfaction in Dermatology Office Practice. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144(2):263–265. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2007.58.
15. Ray M, Gold M. A Retrospective Study of Patient Satisfaction Following a Trial of Nano-fractional RF Treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14(11):1268–1271.
16. Salins CAD, Brenaut E, Misery L, Roguedasâ€Contios AM. Factors influencing patient satisfaction: assessment in outpatients in dermatology department. J Eur Acad Dermatol Vener. 2016;30(10):1823–1828. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13652.
17. Wang Y-C, Ganzorig B, Wu C-C, Iqbal U, Khan H-A-A, Hsieh W-S, et al. Patient satisfaction with dermatology teleconsultation by using MedX. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2018;167:37–42. doi: 10.1016/j. cmpb.2018.10.015.
18. Prakash B. Patient Satisfaction. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2010;3(3):151–155. doi: 10.4103/0974-2077.74491.
19. Ching S, Thoma A, McCabe RE, Antony MM. Measuring outcomes in aesthetic surgery: a comprehensive review of the literature. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;111(1):469–480; discussion 481-482. doi: 10.1097/01. PRS.0000036041.67101.48.
20. Hongcharu W, Gold M. Expanding the Clinical Application of Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment: Findings on Rhytides, Hyperpigmentation, Rosacea, and Acne Redness. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14(11):1298–1304.
21. Medrano K, Arruda S, Oza N, Sadick N. Carboxytherapy Mask as Post Nanofractional Radiofrequency Treatment for Improvement of Facial Skin Quality and Photoaging. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(4):461–465. doi: 10.36849/JDD.2021.5856.
22. Artzi O, Cohen S, Verner I, Mehrabi JN, Naveh HP, Shoshani H, et al. Radio Peel-Synergism Between Nano-fractional Radiofrequency and 20% Trichloroacetic Acid Chemical Peeling. Dermatol Surg. 2019;45(5):711–717. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001918.
23. Gentile RD, Kinney BM, Sadick NS. Radiofrequency Technology in Face and Neck Rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2018;26(2):123–134. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2017.12.003.
24. Bohnert K, Dorizas A, Sadick N. Prospective, pilot evaluation of the performance of nanofractional radiofrequency for improvement of skin texture via skin resurfacing. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(1):61–65. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12398.
25. Sadick N, Rothaus KO. Minimally Invasive Radiofrequency Devices. Clin Plast Surg. 2016;43(3):567–575. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2016.03.015.
26. Kauvar ANB, Gershonowitz A. Clinical and histologic evaluation of a fractional radiofrequency treatment of wrinkles and skin texture with novel 1-mm long ultra-thin electrode pins. Lasers Surg Med. 2021; 54(1):54-61. doi: 10.1002/ lsm.23452.
27. Willey A, Kilmer S, Newman J, Renton B, Hantash BM, Hantash B, et al. Elastometry and clinical results after bipolar radiofrequency treatment of skin. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(6):877–884. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01563.x.
28. Kaminaka C, Furukawa F, Yamamoto Y. Long-Term Clinical and Histological Effects of a Bipolar Fractional Radiofrequency System in the Treatment of Facial Atrophic Acne Scars and Acne Vulgaris in Japanese Patients: A Series of Eight Cases. Photomed Laser Surg. 2016;34(12):657–660. doi: 10.1089/pho.2016.4116.
29. Raspaldo H, Chantrey J, Belhaouari L, Saleh R, Murphy DK. Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine for Lip and Perioral Enhancement: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015;3(3):e321. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000000266.
30. Eccleston D, Murphy DK. Juvéderm® VolbellaTM in the perioral area: a 12-month prospective, multicenter, open-label study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2012;5:167–172. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S35800.
31. Geronemus RG, Bank DE, Hardas B, Shamban A, Weichman BM, Murphy DK. Safety and Effectiveness of VYC-15L, a Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Lip and Perioral Enhancement: One-Year Results From a Randomized, Controlled Study. Dermatol Surg. 2017;43(3):396–404. doi: 10.1097/ DSS.0000000000001035.
32. Alexiades-Armenakas M, Rosenberg D, Renton B, Dover J, Arndt K. Blinded, randomized, quantitative grading comparison of minimally invasive, fractional radiofrequency and surgical face-lift to treat skin laxity. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(4):396–405. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.24.
33. Berube D, Renton B, Hantash BM. A predictive model of minimally invasive bipolar fractional radiofrequency skin treatment. Lasers Surg Med. 2009;41(7):473–478. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20794.
34. Sundaram H, Kiripolsky M. Nonsurgical rejuvenation of the upper eyelid and brow. Clin Plast Surg. 2013;40(1):55–76. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2012.08.009.
35. Alexiades-Armenakas M, Newman J, Willey A, Kilmer S, Goldberg D, Garden J, et al. Prospective multicenter clinical trial of a minimally invasive temperature-controlled bipolar fractional radiofrequency system for rhytid and laxity treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2013;39(2):263–273. doi: 10.1111/ dsu.12065.
36. Alexiades M, Berube D. Randomized, blinded, 3-arm clinical trial assessing optimal temperature and duration for treatment with minimally invasive fractional radiofrequency. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(5):623–632. doi: 10.1097/ DSS.0000000000000347.
6. Gilchrest BA. Photoaging. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(E1):E2-6. doi: 10.1038/skinbio.2013.176.
7. Xue M, Jackson CJ. Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2015;4(3):119–136. doi: 10.1089/wound.2013.0485.
8. Yaar M, Gilchrest BA. Photoageing: mechanism, prevention and therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(5):874–887. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08108.x.
9. Alexiades-Armenakas MR, Dover JS, Arndt KA. The spectrum of laser skin resurfacing: nonablative, fractional, and ablative laser resurfacing. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5):719–737; quiz 738–740. doi: 10.1016/j. jaad.2008.01.003.
10. Lolis MS, Goldberg DJ. Radiofrequency in cosmetic dermatology: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38(11):1765–1776. doi: 10.1111/j.1524- 4725.2012.02547.x.
11. Kleidona IA, Karypidis D, Lowe N, Myers S, Ghanem A. Fractional radiofrequency in the treatment of skin aging: an evidence-based treatment protocol. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2020;22(1):9–25. doi: 10.1080/14764172.2019.1674448.
12. Ali ST, Feldman SR. Patient satisfaction in dermatology: a qualitative assessment. Dermatol Online J. 2014;20(2):doj_21534.
13. Gibbons C, Singh S, Gibbons B, Clark C, Torres J, Cheng MY, et al. Using qualitative methods to understand factors contributing to patient satisfaction among dermatology patients: a systematic review. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018 ;29(3):290–294. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1364688.
14. Poulos GA, Brodell RT, Mostow EN. Improving Quality and Patient Satisfaction in Dermatology Office Practice. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144(2):263–265. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2007.58.
15. Ray M, Gold M. A Retrospective Study of Patient Satisfaction Following a Trial of Nano-fractional RF Treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14(11):1268–1271.
16. Salins CAD, Brenaut E, Misery L, Roguedasâ€Contios AM. Factors influencing patient satisfaction: assessment in outpatients in dermatology department. J Eur Acad Dermatol Vener. 2016;30(10):1823–1828. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13652.
17. Wang Y-C, Ganzorig B, Wu C-C, Iqbal U, Khan H-A-A, Hsieh W-S, et al. Patient satisfaction with dermatology teleconsultation by using MedX. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2018;167:37–42. doi: 10.1016/j. cmpb.2018.10.015.
18. Prakash B. Patient Satisfaction. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2010;3(3):151–155. doi: 10.4103/0974-2077.74491.
19. Ching S, Thoma A, McCabe RE, Antony MM. Measuring outcomes in aesthetic surgery: a comprehensive review of the literature. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;111(1):469–480; discussion 481-482. doi: 10.1097/01. PRS.0000036041.67101.48.
20. Hongcharu W, Gold M. Expanding the Clinical Application of Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment: Findings on Rhytides, Hyperpigmentation, Rosacea, and Acne Redness. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14(11):1298–1304.
21. Medrano K, Arruda S, Oza N, Sadick N. Carboxytherapy Mask as Post Nanofractional Radiofrequency Treatment for Improvement of Facial Skin Quality and Photoaging. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(4):461–465. doi: 10.36849/JDD.2021.5856.
22. Artzi O, Cohen S, Verner I, Mehrabi JN, Naveh HP, Shoshani H, et al. Radio Peel-Synergism Between Nano-fractional Radiofrequency and 20% Trichloroacetic Acid Chemical Peeling. Dermatol Surg. 2019;45(5):711–717. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001918.
23. Gentile RD, Kinney BM, Sadick NS. Radiofrequency Technology in Face and Neck Rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2018;26(2):123–134. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2017.12.003.
24. Bohnert K, Dorizas A, Sadick N. Prospective, pilot evaluation of the performance of nanofractional radiofrequency for improvement of skin texture via skin resurfacing. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(1):61–65. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12398.
25. Sadick N, Rothaus KO. Minimally Invasive Radiofrequency Devices. Clin Plast Surg. 2016;43(3):567–575. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2016.03.015.
26. Kauvar ANB, Gershonowitz A. Clinical and histologic evaluation of a fractional radiofrequency treatment of wrinkles and skin texture with novel 1-mm long ultra-thin electrode pins. Lasers Surg Med. 2021; 54(1):54-61. doi: 10.1002/ lsm.23452.
27. Willey A, Kilmer S, Newman J, Renton B, Hantash BM, Hantash B, et al. Elastometry and clinical results after bipolar radiofrequency treatment of skin. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(6):877–884. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01563.x.
28. Kaminaka C, Furukawa F, Yamamoto Y. Long-Term Clinical and Histological Effects of a Bipolar Fractional Radiofrequency System in the Treatment of Facial Atrophic Acne Scars and Acne Vulgaris in Japanese Patients: A Series of Eight Cases. Photomed Laser Surg. 2016;34(12):657–660. doi: 10.1089/pho.2016.4116.
29. Raspaldo H, Chantrey J, Belhaouari L, Saleh R, Murphy DK. Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine for Lip and Perioral Enhancement: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015;3(3):e321. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000000266.
30. Eccleston D, Murphy DK. Juvéderm® VolbellaTM in the perioral area: a 12-month prospective, multicenter, open-label study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2012;5:167–172. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S35800.
31. Geronemus RG, Bank DE, Hardas B, Shamban A, Weichman BM, Murphy DK. Safety and Effectiveness of VYC-15L, a Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Lip and Perioral Enhancement: One-Year Results From a Randomized, Controlled Study. Dermatol Surg. 2017;43(3):396–404. doi: 10.1097/ DSS.0000000000001035.
32. Alexiades-Armenakas M, Rosenberg D, Renton B, Dover J, Arndt K. Blinded, randomized, quantitative grading comparison of minimally invasive, fractional radiofrequency and surgical face-lift to treat skin laxity. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(4):396–405. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.24.
33. Berube D, Renton B, Hantash BM. A predictive model of minimally invasive bipolar fractional radiofrequency skin treatment. Lasers Surg Med. 2009;41(7):473–478. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20794.
34. Sundaram H, Kiripolsky M. Nonsurgical rejuvenation of the upper eyelid and brow. Clin Plast Surg. 2013;40(1):55–76. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2012.08.009.
35. Alexiades-Armenakas M, Newman J, Willey A, Kilmer S, Goldberg D, Garden J, et al. Prospective multicenter clinical trial of a minimally invasive temperature-controlled bipolar fractional radiofrequency system for rhytid and laxity treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2013;39(2):263–273. doi: 10.1111/ dsu.12065.
36. Alexiades M, Berube D. Randomized, blinded, 3-arm clinical trial assessing optimal temperature and duration for treatment with minimally invasive fractional radiofrequency. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(5):623–632. doi: 10.1097/ DSS.0000000000000347.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Edward V. Ross MD Ross.Edward@scrippshealth.org
