Angle measurements
Angle of implantation was determined by measuring the penetration
angle on profile pictures with a protractor (Rotring®, a
transparent resistant geometry set square with fixed grip and
precise scaling).
Biopsies
The ultrasound data found in this study was compared to those
obtained with biopsies in previous studies.13,14
Photographs
A professional photographer was hired to document live
pictures in the office of one of the investigators (PM). The
photographer used a digital camera Nikon D3 with a lens 60
mm 2.8 macro. Investigator PM also photographed colleagues’
injection techniques, using a digital camera (NikonD40X with
lens AF Micro Nikkor 60mm 1:2.8D). Both the professional
photographer and the investigator’s images are shown in the
Results section.
Measurements during the live treatments
To measure the length of the needle’s injection into the skin,
simple measuring tape and red nail polish were utilized
(Figure 2AB). After the needle had been inserted, the nail polish
was applied on the non-implanted part of the needle, close to
its skin penetration point. After withdrawal of the needle, the
