INTRODUCTION Human skin hosts complex microbial communities whose diversity and composition vary by skin region1 and between individuals.2,3 Compositional differences between skin regions arise largely from contrasting environmental conditions of…

INTRODUCTION The periorbital area is typically one of the first facial areas to manifest signs of aging.1,2 There is consequently a high patient demand for periorbital rejuvenation.1-4 Due to patient…

INTRODUCTION There has been tremendous growth in the over-the-counter (OTC) drug acne market since the FDA decision to move 10% and lower benzoyl peroxide cleansers and creams out of the…

INTRODUCTION Many women are very critical about the appearance of their bodies. Research confirms that the main focus of dissatisfaction for the majority of women is the size and shape…

INTRODUCTION As a chronic disease, acne is associated with negative psychological effects and can cause scarring from inflammation. 1-2 A recent U.S. population-based study among 9,417 children found that the…

INTRODUCTION The role of spot size is an important consideration to determine optimum fluence settings for efficacy and safety. Spot size is often underestimated as a factor in laser tissue…

INTRODUCTIONHyaluronic acid dermal fillers are commonly used for lip augmentation to enhance appearance and to restore fullness and definition lost due to hypoplasia or aging.1,2 Treatment with temporary hyaluronic acid…

INTRODUCTIONWhile dermatologists recognize that nutritional status and dietary intake affect various dermatologic conditions and overall skin health,1,2 they are less likely than other specialists, including cardiologists and orthopedists, to recommend…

Introduction Radiofrequency technology is frequently used in dermatology for skin tightening and the reduction of fine lines, wrinkles, and cellulite. Radiofrequency energy is a form of electromagnetic energy that heats…

INTRODUCTION Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by scaly plaques of thickened skin.1,2 The World Health Organization views psoriasis as a disabling, painful disease associated with multiple comorbidities,…

Located in Cleveland Ohio, the Department of Dermatology at University Hospitals Case Medical Center (UHCMC) is energetically led by Kevin Cooper MD, chairman and program director. The Department offers a…

INTRODUCTION The primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) can be classified by their effects on innate and adaptive immunity, and must be distinguished from secondary immunodeficiencies, which are commonly caused by medications, infections,…