INTRODUCTION The use of multiple agents in combination for the treatment of acne and psoriasis has a long legacy in dermatology. For acne, there are combination products that include benzoyl…

INTRODUCTION The traditional short pulsed erbium YAG laser delivers 250-350 microseconds pulses, and with each pass the laser ablates 20 to 25 μm of tissue at 5 Joules/cm2 (about 3-4…

INTRODUCTION The widely used intense pulsed light (IPL) technology was first commercially launched to the market for medical use in 19941 and since then, many different devices and technology modifications…

INTRODUCTION Chronic ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure results in photoaging, with the development of fine rhytids, uneven pigment alteration, lentigines, telangiectasia, actinic keratosis, skin atrophy, and loss of dermal elasticity.1…

INTRODUCTION As individuals age, collagen, which comprises the majority of dermal proteins, can become disorganized leading to atrophy of the epidermis.1 Evidence of this degeneration includes flattening of the dermal-epidermal…

INTRODUCTION The transcutaneous application of RF energy is a well-established treatment for tissue contracture.1-7 As the electric current permeates a tissue layer, impedance creates heat. This localized thermogenesis is calculable…

Case Report A 64-year-old Caucasian man with past medical history of T0N3M0 squamous cell carcinoma of right neck status post primary chemoradiotherapy and salvage radical neck dissection/pectoralis major myocutaneous flap…

INTRODUCTION Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) formulations are used in aesthetics for the treatment of wrinkles of the upper and lower face.1,2 A temporary reduction in the severity of wrinkles…

INTRODUCTION In recent decades there has been a growing demand for safe, efficient, and non-invasive treatments for treating striae, rhytides, hyperpigmentation, rosacea, acne redness, and scarring. Radiofrequency (RF) treatments, which…

INTRODUCTION Aging skin is characterized by the appearance of wrinkles, fine lines, hyperpigmentation, and loss of radiance, smoothness, firmness, skin tone clarity and evenness, as well as alterations in pore…

INTRODUCTION Natural ingredients are the basis for many widely used pharmaceutical agents. Some of the most commonly used medications, including aspirin (initially extracted from the white willow tree), came about…

INTRODUCTION Actinic keratoses (AKs) are frequently occurring dysplastic epidermal lesions seen on chronically sun-exposed skin, including the face, scalp, forearms, and dorsal hands. AKs typically present as erythematous, scaling or…