Over the past 4 decades, topical retinoids have become standard therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris. The market has grown to encompass multiple formulations of tretinoin and other next-generation…

INTRODUCTIONOverview of Topical Tazarotene Topical tazarotene is a synthetic topical retinoid that has been available in the United States since 1997. It is formulated in 2 vehicles, a gel and…

Hyperpigmentation disorders pose a real treatment challenge for patients all over the world. The number of people seeking treatments to alleviate the psychological distress associated with facial hyperpigmentation continues to…

INTRODUCTIONThe amount and type of melanin pigments, which are polymers produced inside the melanosomes, determine skin color.1,2 While there is tremendous diversity worldwide in the color of human skin, uniform…

INTRODUCTION Melanin is an inert polymer pigment produced by the melanosomes, and it determines the color and gradation of skin.1,2 Skin tone and the uniformity or evenness of skin color…

INTRODUCTION As humans age, irregular areas of facial hyperpigmentation, resulting from a combination of intrinsic aging and long-term exposure to ultraviolet light, become more common.1,2 While there is great variation…

INTRODUCTION A combination of treatments targeting various points in the sequence of pigment formation is becoming a more common option for hyperpigmentation therapy. Indeed, treatment success is often facilitated by…

Hyperpigmentation, presenting as dark spots or patches, results from excess melanin in the skin and can be caused by hormonal or endocrinal disorders such as melasma or by long-term sun…

INTRODUCTION In 2010, approximately 30% of all cosmetic procedures were performed on non-Caucasian ethnicities in the United States.1 With almost a million laser hair procedures performed annually, the need for…

The meetings of the American Academy of Dermatology, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, and other leading national conferences now include numerous lectures providing practical approaches to common disorders in skin…