3. The Lewin Group. The burden of skin diseases. http://www.lewin. com/content/dam/Lewin/Resources/Site_Sections/Publications/ april2005skindisease.pdf. Accessed May 2020.
4. Memon AA, Tomenson JA, Bothwell J, Friedmann PS. Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142(6):1154-1159.
5. Balcere A, Rone Kupfere M, Čēma I, Krūmiņa A. Prevalence, discontinuation rate, and risk factors for severe local site reactions with topical field treatment options for actinic keratosis of the face and scalp. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(4).
6. Fernandez Figueras MT. From actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma: pathophysiology revisited. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31 Suppl 2:5-7.
7. Ibrahim SF, Brown MD. Actinic keratoses: a comprehensive update. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2009;2(7):43-48.
8. 3M Health Care Ltd. Aldara® Prescribing Information. https://www. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020723s022lbl.pdf. Accessed May 2020.
9. Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC. Efudex Prescribing Information. https://www.drugs.com/pro/efudex.html. Accessed May 2020.
10. Leo Laboratories Ltd. Picato Prescribing Information. https://www. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/202833s005lbl.pdf. Accessed April 2020.
11. American Academy of Dermatology. Actinic keratosis. https://www.aad.org/ public/diseases/scaly-skin/actinic-keratosis#overview. Accessed May 2020.
12. Del Rosso JQ, Kircik L, Goldenberg G, Brian B. Comprehensive management of actinic keratoses: practical integration of available therapies with a review of a newer treatment approach. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(9 Suppl S2-S12):S2-S12.
13. Goldenberg G. Treatment considerations in actinic keratosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31 Suppl 2:12-16.
14. Smolinski MP, Bu Y, Clements J et al. Discovery of novel dual mechanism of action Src signaling and tubulin polymerization inhibitors (KX2-391 and KX2- 361). J Med Chem. 2018;61(11):4704-4719.
15. Medina J, Picarles V, Greiner B et al. LAV694, a new antiproliferative agent showing improved skin tolerability vs. clinical standards for the treatment of actinic keratosis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;66(10):1885-1895.
16. Choi CW, Kim YH, Sohn JH, Lee H, Kim WS. Focal adhesion kinase and Src expression in premalignant and malignant skin lesions. Exp Dermatol. 2015;24(5):361-364.
17. Montagner A, Delgado MB, Tallichet-Blanc C et al. Src is activated by the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta in ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancer. EMBO Mol Med. 2014;6(1):80-98.
18. Siegel JA, Korgavkar K, Weinstock MA. Current perspective on actinic keratosis: a review. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(2):350-358. 19. Hanke WC, Norlin JM, Mark Knudsen K, Larsson T, Stone S. Quality of life in treatment of AK: Treatment burden of ingenol mebutate gel is small and short lasting. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016;27(5):450-455.
4. Memon AA, Tomenson JA, Bothwell J, Friedmann PS. Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142(6):1154-1159.
5. Balcere A, Rone Kupfere M, Čēma I, Krūmiņa A. Prevalence, discontinuation rate, and risk factors for severe local site reactions with topical field treatment options for actinic keratosis of the face and scalp. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(4).
6. Fernandez Figueras MT. From actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma: pathophysiology revisited. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31 Suppl 2:5-7.
7. Ibrahim SF, Brown MD. Actinic keratoses: a comprehensive update. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2009;2(7):43-48.
8. 3M Health Care Ltd. Aldara® Prescribing Information. https://www. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020723s022lbl.pdf. Accessed May 2020.
9. Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC. Efudex Prescribing Information. https://www.drugs.com/pro/efudex.html. Accessed May 2020.
10. Leo Laboratories Ltd. Picato Prescribing Information. https://www. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/202833s005lbl.pdf. Accessed April 2020.
11. American Academy of Dermatology. Actinic keratosis. https://www.aad.org/ public/diseases/scaly-skin/actinic-keratosis#overview. Accessed May 2020.
12. Del Rosso JQ, Kircik L, Goldenberg G, Brian B. Comprehensive management of actinic keratoses: practical integration of available therapies with a review of a newer treatment approach. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(9 Suppl S2-S12):S2-S12.
13. Goldenberg G. Treatment considerations in actinic keratosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31 Suppl 2:12-16.
14. Smolinski MP, Bu Y, Clements J et al. Discovery of novel dual mechanism of action Src signaling and tubulin polymerization inhibitors (KX2-391 and KX2- 361). J Med Chem. 2018;61(11):4704-4719.
15. Medina J, Picarles V, Greiner B et al. LAV694, a new antiproliferative agent showing improved skin tolerability vs. clinical standards for the treatment of actinic keratosis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;66(10):1885-1895.
16. Choi CW, Kim YH, Sohn JH, Lee H, Kim WS. Focal adhesion kinase and Src expression in premalignant and malignant skin lesions. Exp Dermatol. 2015;24(5):361-364.
17. Montagner A, Delgado MB, Tallichet-Blanc C et al. Src is activated by the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta in ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancer. EMBO Mol Med. 2014;6(1):80-98.
18. Siegel JA, Korgavkar K, Weinstock MA. Current perspective on actinic keratosis: a review. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(2):350-358. 19. Hanke WC, Norlin JM, Mark Knudsen K, Larsson T, Stone S. Quality of life in treatment of AK: Treatment burden of ingenol mebutate gel is small and short lasting. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016;27(5):450-455.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Jane Fang MD jfang@athenex.com
