The Basic Science of Natural Ingredients

August 2014 | Volume 13 | Issue 8 | Original Article | 937 | Copyright © August 2014


Aimee Krausz,a Holly Gunn MD,b and Adam Friedman MD FAADa,c

aDivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
bLancaster Skin Center, Lancaster, PA
cDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY

  1. Wei H, Cai Q, Rahn RO. Inhibition of UV light- and Fenton reaction-induced oxidative DNA damage by the soybean isoflavone genistein. Carcinogenesis. Jan 1996;17(1):73-77.
  2. Cai Q, Wei H. Effect of dietary genistein on antioxidant enzyme activities in SENCAR mice. Nutr Cancer. 1996;25(1):1-7.
  3. Zhao R, Bruning E, Rossetti D, Starcher B, Seiberg M, Iotsova-Stone V. Extracts from Glycine max (soybean) induce elastin synthesis and inhibit elastase activity. Exp Dermatol. Oct 2009;18(10):883-886.
  4. Kim SY, Kim SJ, Lee JY, et al. Protective effects of dietary soy isoflavones against UV-induced skin-aging in hairless mouse model. J Am Coll Nutr. Apr 2004;23(2):157-162.
  5. Wang Q, Ge X, Tian X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang P. Soy isoflavone: The multipurpose phytochemical (Review). Biomedical Reports. Sep 2013;1(5):697-701.
  6. Nagarajan S. Mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic functions of soy-based diets. J Nutr Biochem. Apr 2010;21(4):255-260.
  7. Georgetti SR, Casagrande R, Moura-de-Carvalho Vicentini FT, Verri WA, Jr., Fonseca MJ. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of soybean extract by different in vitro methods and investigation of this activity after its incorporation in topical formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. Aug 2006;64(1):99-106.
  8. Popovic BM, Stajner D, Mandic A, Canadanovic-Brunet J, Kevresan S. Enhancement of antioxidant and isoflavones concentration in gamma irradiated soybean. TheScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:383574.
  9. Sierens J, Hartley JA, Campbell MJ, Leathem AJ, Woodside JV. Effect of phytoestrogen and antioxidant supplementation on oxidative DNA damage assessed using the comet assay. Mutation Research. Mar 7 2001;485(2):169-176.
  10. Chan WH, Yu JS. Inhibition of UV irradiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic biochemical changes in human epidermal carcinoma A431 cells by genistein. J Cell Biochem. Apr 2000;78(1):73-84.
  11. Xie B, Shi H, Chen Q, Ho CT. Antioxidant properties of fractions and polyphenol constituents from green, oolong and black teas. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B. Apr 1993;17(2):77-84.
  12. Lorenz M. Cellular targets for the beneficial actions of tea polyphenols. Am J Clin Nutr. Dec 2013;98(6 Suppl):1642S-1650S.
  13. Nagle DG, Ferreira D, Zhou YD. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): chemical and biomedical perspectives. Phytochemistry. Sep 2006;67(17):1849-1855.
  14. Patra SK, Rizzi F, Silva A, Rugina DO, Bettuzzi S. Molecular targets of (-)-epigallocatechin- 3-gallate (EGCG): specificity and interaction with membrane lipid rafts. J Physiol Pharmacol. Dec 2008;59 Suppl 9:217-235.
  15. Meng Q, Velalar CN, Ruan R. Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on mitochondrial integrity and antioxidative enzyme activity in the aging process of human fibroblast. Free Radic Biol Med. Mar 15 2008;44(6):1032-1041.
  16. Cooper R, Morre DJ, Morre DM. Medicinal benefits of green tea: Part I. Review of noncancer health benefits. J Altern Complement Med. Jun 2005;11(3):521-528.
  17. Camouse MM, Hanneman KK, Conrad EP, Baron ED. Protective effects of tea polyphenols and caffeine. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. Dec 2005;5(6):1061-1068.
  18. Singh R, De S, Belkheir A. Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013;53(2):126-144.
  19. Collins FaFW. Oat phenolics: structure, occurrence, and function. Oats: Chemistry and technology. 1986: 227-295.
  20. Emmons CL, Peterson DM, Paul GL. Antioxidant capacity of oat (Avena sativa L.) extracts. 2. In vitro antioxidant activity and contents of phenolic and tocol antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem. Dec 1999;47(12):4894-4898.
  21. Meydani M. Potential health benefits of avenanthramides of oats. Nutr Rev. Dec 2009;67(12):731-735.
  22. Peterson D, M. Hahn, and C. Emmons. Oat avenanthramides exhibit antioxidant activities in vitro. Food Chem. 2002;79:473-479.
  23. Bratt K, Sunnerheim K, Bryngelsson S, et al. Avenanthramides in oats (Avena sativa L.) and structure-antioxidant activity relationships. J Agric Food Chem. Jan 29 2003;51(3):594-600.
  24. Sur R, Nigam A, Grote D, Liebel F, Southall MD. Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-itch activity. Arch Dermatol Res. Nov 2008;300(10):569-574.
  25. Kim JM, Noh EM, Kwon KB, et al. Dihydroavenanthramide D prevents UVirradiated generation of reactive oxygen species and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 in human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol. Nov 2013;22(11):759-761.
  26. Feng B, Ma LJ, Yao JJ, Fang Y, Mei YA, Wei SM. Protective effect of oat bran extracts on human dermal fibroblast injury induced by hydrogen peroxide. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. Feb 2013;14(2):97-105.
  27. Aries MF, Vaissiere C, Pinelli E, Pipy B, Charveron M. Avena Rhealba inhibits A23187-stimulated arachidonic acid mobilization, eicosanoid release, and cPLA2 expression in human keratinocytes: potential in cutaneous inflammatory disorders. Biol Pharm Bull. Apr 2005;28(4):601-606.
  28. Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Kazerouni A, Feily A. Oatmeal in dermatology: a brief review. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. Mar-Apr 2012;78(2):142-145.
  29. Nachbar F, Korting HC. The role of vitamin E in normal and damaged skin. J Mol Med (Berl). Jan 1995;73(1):7-17.
  30. Basnet P, Skalko-Basnet N. Curcumin: an anti-inflammatory molecule from a curry spice on the path to cancer treatment. Molecules (Basel). 2011;16(6):4567-4598.
  31. Zhou H, Beevers CS, Huang S. The targets of curcumin. Curr Drug Targets. Mar 1 2011;12(3):332-347.
  32. Strimpakos AS, Sharma RA. Curcumin: preventive and therapeutic properties in laboratory studies and clinical trials. Antioxidants & redox signaling. Mar 2008;10(3):511-545.
  33. Lev-Ari S, Maimon Y, Strier L, Kazanov D, Arber N. Down-regulation of prostaglandin E2 by curcumin is correlated with inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cell lines. J Soc Integr Oncol. Winter 2006;4(1):21-26.
  34. Plummer SM, Holloway KA, Manson MM et al. Inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression in colon cells by the chemopreventive agent curcumin involves inhibition of NF-kappaB activation via the NIK/IKK signalling complex. Oncogene. Oct 28 1999;18(44):6013-6020.
  35. Sreejayan N, Rao MN. Free radical scavenging activity of curcuminoids. Arzneimittel-Forschung. Feb 1996;46(2):169-171
  36. Motterlini R, Foresti R, Bassi R, Green CJ. Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, induces heme oxygenase-1 and protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress. Free radical biology & medicine. Apr 15 2000;28(8):1303-1312.
  37. Luper S. A review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part 1. Altern Med Rev. Dec 1998;3(6):410-421.
  38. Saller R, Melzer J, Reichling J, Brignoli R, Meier R. An updated systematic review of the pharmacology of silymarin. Forsch Komplementmed. Apr 2007;14(2):70-80.
  39. Carini R, Comoglio A, Albano E, Poli G. Lipid peroxidation and irreversible damage in the rat hepatocyte model. Protection by the silybin-phospholipid complex IdB 1016. Biochem Pharmacol. May 28 1992;43(10):2111-2115.
  40. Feher J, Lang I, Nekam K, Muzes G, Deak G. Effect of free radical scavengers on superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Acta medica Hungarica. 1988;45(3-4):265-276.
  41. Mira L, Silva M, Manso CF. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by silibinin dihemisuccinate. Biochem Pharmacol. Aug 17 1994;48(4):753-759.
  42. Dehmlow C, Murawski N, de Groot H. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by silibinin in human cells. Life Sciences. 1996;58(18):1591-1600.
  43. Kang JS, Jeon YJ, Kim HM, Han SH, Yang KH. Inhibition of inducible nitricoxide synthase expression by silymarin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. Jul 2002;302(1):138-144.
  44. Manna SK, Mukhopadhyay A, Van NT, Aggarwal BB. Silymarin suppresses TNF-induced activation of NF-kappa B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and apoptosis. J Immunol (Baltimore). Dec 15 1999;163(12):6800-6809.
  45. Saliou C, Kitazawa M, McLaughlin L, et al. Antioxidants modulate acute solar ultraviolet radiation-induced NF-kappa-B activation in a human keratinocyte cell line. Free Radic Biol Med. Jan 1999;26(1-2):174-183.
  46. Abla MJ, Banga AK. Quantification of skin penetration of antioxidants of varying lipophilicity. Int J Cosmet Sci. Feb 2013;35(1):19-26.
  47. Hellemans L, Corstjens H, Neven A, Declercq L, Maes D. Antioxidant enzyme activity in human stratum corneum shows seasonal variation with an age-dependent recovery. J Invest Dermatol. Mar 2003;120(3):434-439.

AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE

Adam Friedman MD FAADAdfriedm@montefiore.org