63. Draelos ZD, Rodriguez DA, Kempers SE, et al. Treatment response with once-daily topical dapsone gel, 7.5% for acne vulgaris: Subgroup analysis of pooled data from two randomized, double-blind studies. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16:591-598.
64. Taylor SC, Cook-Bolden FE, McMichael A, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of topical dapsone gel, 7.5% for treatment of acne vulgaris by Fitzpatrick skin phototype. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17:160-167.
65. Bell MA, Whang KA, Thomas J, Aguh C, Kwatra SG. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Emerging and Frontline Therapies in Common Dermatological Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Natl Med Assoc. 2020;112(6):650-653. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.06.009. 66. Barbieri JS, Shin DB, Wang S, Margolis DJ, Takeshita J. Association of Race/Ethnicity and Sex With Differences in Health Care Use and Treatment for Acne. JAMA Dermatol. 2020 ;156(3):312-319. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.4818. PMID: 32022834; PMCID: PMC7042795.
67. Rogers AT, Semenov YR, Kwatra SG, Okoye GA. Racial disparities in the management of acne: evidence from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2005-2014. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018;29(3):287-289. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1371836.
68. Tan J, Humphrey S, Vender R, et al. A treatment for severe nodular acne: a randomized investigator-blinded, controlled, noninferiority trial comparing fixed-dose adapalene/benzoyl peroxide plus doxycycline vs. oral isotretinoin. Br J Dermatol. 2014;171(6):1508-1516. doi: 10.1111/ bjd.13191.
69. Del Rosso JQ. Clinical relevance of skin barrier changes associated with the use of oral isotretinoin: the importance of barrier repair therapy in patient management. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(6):626-631.
70. Kulthanan K, Trakanwittayarak S, Tuchinda P, et al. A double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled study of the efficacy of moisturizer containing licochalcone a, decanediol, l-carnitine, and salicylic acid for prevention of acne relapse in Asian population. Hindawi BioMed Res Int. 2020;2020:2857812:1-11. doi: 10.1155/2020/2857812
71. Callender VD, Barbosa V, Burgess CM, et al. Approach to treatment of medical and cosmetic facial concerns in skin of color patients. Cutis. 2017;100(6):375-380.
72. Davis EC, Callender VD. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: A review of the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment options in skin of color. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2010;3(7):20‑31.
73. Sarkar R, Bansal S, Garg VK. Chemical peels for melasma in darkskinned patients. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2012;5(4):247-253.
74. Nayak CS, Ansari SMM, Salve V, Patil S. Effectiveness of a combination of anti-pigmentary products in facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Int J Res Dermatol. 2020 Jan;6(1):1-8. doi: 10.18203/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20195199
75. Hayashi N, Miyachi Y, Kawashima M. Prevalence of scars and miniscars, and their impact on quality of life in Japanese patients with acne. J Dermatol. 2015;42(7):690-696. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12885.
76. Alexis AF, Coley MK, Nijhawan RI, et al. Nonablative fractional laser resurfacing for acne scarring in patients with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV-VI. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(3):392-402. Doi: 10.1097/ DSS.0000000000000640.
77. Gold MH. Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a novel superficial and deep carbon dioxide fractional system in the treatment of patients with skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(11):1331-1335.
78. Semchyshyn N, Prodanovic E, Varade R. Treating acne scars in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI using the 1450-nm diode laser. Cutis 2013;92(1):49-53.
64. Taylor SC, Cook-Bolden FE, McMichael A, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of topical dapsone gel, 7.5% for treatment of acne vulgaris by Fitzpatrick skin phototype. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17:160-167.
65. Bell MA, Whang KA, Thomas J, Aguh C, Kwatra SG. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Emerging and Frontline Therapies in Common Dermatological Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Natl Med Assoc. 2020;112(6):650-653. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.06.009. 66. Barbieri JS, Shin DB, Wang S, Margolis DJ, Takeshita J. Association of Race/Ethnicity and Sex With Differences in Health Care Use and Treatment for Acne. JAMA Dermatol. 2020 ;156(3):312-319. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.4818. PMID: 32022834; PMCID: PMC7042795.
67. Rogers AT, Semenov YR, Kwatra SG, Okoye GA. Racial disparities in the management of acne: evidence from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2005-2014. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018;29(3):287-289. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1371836.
68. Tan J, Humphrey S, Vender R, et al. A treatment for severe nodular acne: a randomized investigator-blinded, controlled, noninferiority trial comparing fixed-dose adapalene/benzoyl peroxide plus doxycycline vs. oral isotretinoin. Br J Dermatol. 2014;171(6):1508-1516. doi: 10.1111/ bjd.13191.
69. Del Rosso JQ. Clinical relevance of skin barrier changes associated with the use of oral isotretinoin: the importance of barrier repair therapy in patient management. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(6):626-631.
70. Kulthanan K, Trakanwittayarak S, Tuchinda P, et al. A double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled study of the efficacy of moisturizer containing licochalcone a, decanediol, l-carnitine, and salicylic acid for prevention of acne relapse in Asian population. Hindawi BioMed Res Int. 2020;2020:2857812:1-11. doi: 10.1155/2020/2857812
71. Callender VD, Barbosa V, Burgess CM, et al. Approach to treatment of medical and cosmetic facial concerns in skin of color patients. Cutis. 2017;100(6):375-380.
72. Davis EC, Callender VD. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: A review of the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment options in skin of color. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2010;3(7):20‑31.
73. Sarkar R, Bansal S, Garg VK. Chemical peels for melasma in darkskinned patients. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2012;5(4):247-253.
74. Nayak CS, Ansari SMM, Salve V, Patil S. Effectiveness of a combination of anti-pigmentary products in facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Int J Res Dermatol. 2020 Jan;6(1):1-8. doi: 10.18203/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20195199
75. Hayashi N, Miyachi Y, Kawashima M. Prevalence of scars and miniscars, and their impact on quality of life in Japanese patients with acne. J Dermatol. 2015;42(7):690-696. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12885.
76. Alexis AF, Coley MK, Nijhawan RI, et al. Nonablative fractional laser resurfacing for acne scarring in patients with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV-VI. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(3):392-402. Doi: 10.1097/ DSS.0000000000000640.
77. Gold MH. Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a novel superficial and deep carbon dioxide fractional system in the treatment of patients with skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(11):1331-1335.
78. Semchyshyn N, Prodanovic E, Varade R. Treating acne scars in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI using the 1450-nm diode laser. Cutis 2013;92(1):49-53.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Anneke E. Andriessen PhD nneke.a@tiscali.nl
