10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.06.003. 25. Goh CL, Noppakun N, Micali G, et al. Meeting the challenges of acne treatment in Asian patients: A review of the role of dermocosmetics as adjunctive therapy. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2016;2(9):85-92. doi: 10.4103/0974-2077.184043. 26. Yin NC, McMichael AJ. Acne in patients with skin of color: practical management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2014;15(1):7-16. doi: 10.1007/ s40257-013-0049-1.
27. Tan J, Alexis AF, Baldwin H, et al. The personalized acne care pathway – Recommendations to guide longitudinal management from personalizing acne: Consensus of experts. J Am Acad Dermatol Int 2021;5:101-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jdin.2021.09.006.
28. Lynde CW, Andriessen A, Barankin B, et al. Moisturizers and ceramidecontaining moisturizers may offer concomitant therapy with benefits. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(3):18-26.
29. Thiboutot DM, Dreno B, Abanmi A, et al. Practical management of acne for clinicians: an international consensus from the global alliance to improve outcomes in acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(2 Suppl 1):S1–23.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.078.
30. Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, Alikhan A, Baldwin HE, Berson DS, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):945-73.e33. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037.
31. Nast A, Dreno B, Bettoli V, Bukvic Mokos Z, Degitz K, Dressler C, et al. European evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of acne - update 2016 - short version. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(8):1261-1268. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13776.
32. Asai Y, Baibergenova A, Dutil M, et al Management of acne: Canadian clinical practice guideline. Can Med Ass J. 2016;188(2)118-126. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.140665.
33. Hayashi N, Akamatsu H, Iwatsuki K, et al. Japanese dermatological association guidelines: Guidelines for the treatment of acne vulgaris 2017. J Dermatol. 2018;45(8)898-935. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.14355 .
34. Bagatin E, Florez-White M, Bagatin E, Arias-Gomez MI, Kaminsky A. Algorithm for acne treatment: Ibero-Latin American consensus. An Bras Dermatol. 2017;92 (5) 1-10. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20177003.
35. Acne Group, Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology, Acne Group, Chinese Society of Dermatology, Acne Group, Chinese Dermatologist Association, et al. Chinese guidelines for the management of acne vulgaris: 2019 Update. Int J Dermatol Venereol. 2019;2(3):129-137. doi: 10.1097/JD9.0000000000000043
36. Goh CL, Abad‑Casintahan F, Aw DC et al. South‑East Asia study alliance guidelines on the management of acne vulgaris in South‑East Asian patients. J Dermatol 2015;42(10):945‑953. doi: 10.1111/1346- 8138.12993.
37. Oon HH, Wong SN, Aw DCW, Cheong WK, Goh CL, Tan HH. Acne management guidelines by the Dermatological Society of Singapore. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2019;12(7):34-50.
38. Sinclair W. Guidelines for the Management of Acne Vulgaris. South African Fam Pract. 2017; 59(1):24-29.
39. Layton A, Andrew A, Baldwin B, et al. Identifying gaps and providing recommendations to address shortcomings in the investigation of acne sequelae by the personalizing acne: Consensus of Experts panel. J Am Acad Dermatol Int. 2021;5:41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jdin.2021.06.006.
40. Dreno B, Araviiskaia E, Kerob D, Andriessen A, Anifilova M, Fabbrocini G. Nonprescription acne vulgaris treatments: Their role in our treatment armamentarium—An international panel discussion. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(9):2201-2211. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13497
41. Baldwin HE, Friedlander SF, Eichenfield LF, et al. The effects of culture, skin color, and other nonclinical issues on acne treatment. Semi Cutan Med Surg. 30(3 Suppl):S12-S15. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2011.07.005.
42. Dreno B, Thiboutot D, Gollnick H, et al. Large-scale worldwide observational study of adherence with acne therapy. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49(4):448-456. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04416.x.
43. Araviiskaia E, Dreno B. The role of dermocosmetics in acne vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016; 30(6):926–935. doi: 10.1111/ jdv.13579.
44. Lain E, Day D, Harper J, Guenin J. Tretinoin 0.05% lotion for the oncedaily treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris: impact of gender and race on efficacy and safety. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(11):1128- 1138. PMID: 31741356
45. Han G, Amstrong AW, Desai SR, Guenin E. Novel tretinoin 0.05% lotion for the once-daily treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in an Asian population. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(9):910-916.
46. Cook-Bolden FE, Weinkle SH, Guenin E, Bhatt V. Novel tretinoin 0.05% lotion for once-daily treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in a Hispanic population. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(1):32-38. PMID: 30681791
47. Bhatia N, Weiss JS, Sadick N, et al. Novel polymeric tazarotene 0.045% lotion for moderate-to-severe acne: pooled phase 3 analysis by race/ethnicity. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(7):727-734. doi:10.36849/ JDD.2020.5125.
48. Alexis AF, Johnson LA, Kerrouche N, Callender VD. A subgroup analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adapalene-benzoyl peroxide topical gel in black subjects with moderate acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13(2):170-174.
49. Alexis AF, Cook-Bolden F, Lin T. Treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in a Hispanic population: A post-hoc analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of clindamycin 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 3.75% gel. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(6):36-43.
50. Tan J, Bissonnette R, Gratton D et al. The safety and efficacy of four different fixed combination regimens of adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris: results from a randomized controlled study. Eur J Dermatol. 2018;28(4):502-508. doi:10.1684/ejd2018.3367.
51. Bouloc A, Roo E, Imko-Walczuk B, et al. A skincare combined with combination of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide provides a significant adjunctive efficacy and local tolerance benefit in adult women with mild acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(10):1727–1731. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14379.
52. Cook-Bolden FE. Treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris in a Hispanic population: a post-hoc analysis of efficacy and tolerability of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(4):455-459.
53. Callender VD, Young CM, Kindred C, Taylor SC. Efficacy and safety of clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025% Gel for the treatment of acne and acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(7):25-32. PMID: 22798973
54. Marson JW, Baldwin HE. New concepts, concerns, and creations in acne. Dermatol Clin. 2019;37(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2018.07.002.
55. See Jo-Ann, Goh Chee Leok, Hayashi N, et al. Optimizing the use of topical retinoids in Asian acne patients. J Dermatol. 2018;45(5):522- 528. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.14314
56. Enshaieh S, Jooya A, Siadat AH, Iraji F. The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, doubleblind placebo-controlled study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2007;73(1):22-25. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.30646.
57. Chularojanamontri L, Tuchinda P, Kulthanan K, et al. A double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled study to access skin tolerability and efficacy of an anti-inflammatory moisturizer in treatment of acne with 0.1% adapalene gel. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016;27(2):140-145. Doi: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1079298.
58. Cheng CE, Irwin B, Mauriello D, Liang L, Pappert A, Kimball AB. Selfreported acne severity, treatment, and belief patterns across multiple racial and ethnic groups in adolescent students. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010;27(5):446-452. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01286.x.
59. Munehiro A, Murakami Y, Shirahige Y, et al. Combination effects of cosmetic moisturizers in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. J Dermatol Treat. 2012;23(3):172-176. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2010.551109.
60. Hayashi N, Kawashima M. Study of the usefulness of moisturizers on adherence of acne patients treated with adapalene. J Dermatol. 2014;41(7):592-597. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12520.
61. Matsunaga K, Leow YH, Chan R, et al. Adjunctive usage of a noncomedogenic moisturizer with adapalene gel 0.1% improves local tolerance: a randomized, investigator-blinded, split-face study in healthy Asian subjects. J Dermatol Treat. 2013;24(4):278-282. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.661037.
62. Alexis AF, Burgess C, Callender VD, et al. The efficacy and safety of topical dapsone gel, 5% for the treatment of acne vulgaris in adult females with skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15:197-204.
27. Tan J, Alexis AF, Baldwin H, et al. The personalized acne care pathway – Recommendations to guide longitudinal management from personalizing acne: Consensus of experts. J Am Acad Dermatol Int 2021;5:101-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jdin.2021.09.006.
28. Lynde CW, Andriessen A, Barankin B, et al. Moisturizers and ceramidecontaining moisturizers may offer concomitant therapy with benefits. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(3):18-26.
29. Thiboutot DM, Dreno B, Abanmi A, et al. Practical management of acne for clinicians: an international consensus from the global alliance to improve outcomes in acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(2 Suppl 1):S1–23.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.078.
30. Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, Alikhan A, Baldwin HE, Berson DS, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):945-73.e33. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037.
31. Nast A, Dreno B, Bettoli V, Bukvic Mokos Z, Degitz K, Dressler C, et al. European evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of acne - update 2016 - short version. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(8):1261-1268. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13776.
32. Asai Y, Baibergenova A, Dutil M, et al Management of acne: Canadian clinical practice guideline. Can Med Ass J. 2016;188(2)118-126. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.140665.
33. Hayashi N, Akamatsu H, Iwatsuki K, et al. Japanese dermatological association guidelines: Guidelines for the treatment of acne vulgaris 2017. J Dermatol. 2018;45(8)898-935. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.14355 .
34. Bagatin E, Florez-White M, Bagatin E, Arias-Gomez MI, Kaminsky A. Algorithm for acne treatment: Ibero-Latin American consensus. An Bras Dermatol. 2017;92 (5) 1-10. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20177003.
35. Acne Group, Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology, Acne Group, Chinese Society of Dermatology, Acne Group, Chinese Dermatologist Association, et al. Chinese guidelines for the management of acne vulgaris: 2019 Update. Int J Dermatol Venereol. 2019;2(3):129-137. doi: 10.1097/JD9.0000000000000043
36. Goh CL, Abad‑Casintahan F, Aw DC et al. South‑East Asia study alliance guidelines on the management of acne vulgaris in South‑East Asian patients. J Dermatol 2015;42(10):945‑953. doi: 10.1111/1346- 8138.12993.
37. Oon HH, Wong SN, Aw DCW, Cheong WK, Goh CL, Tan HH. Acne management guidelines by the Dermatological Society of Singapore. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2019;12(7):34-50.
38. Sinclair W. Guidelines for the Management of Acne Vulgaris. South African Fam Pract. 2017; 59(1):24-29.
39. Layton A, Andrew A, Baldwin B, et al. Identifying gaps and providing recommendations to address shortcomings in the investigation of acne sequelae by the personalizing acne: Consensus of Experts panel. J Am Acad Dermatol Int. 2021;5:41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jdin.2021.06.006.
40. Dreno B, Araviiskaia E, Kerob D, Andriessen A, Anifilova M, Fabbrocini G. Nonprescription acne vulgaris treatments: Their role in our treatment armamentarium—An international panel discussion. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(9):2201-2211. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13497
41. Baldwin HE, Friedlander SF, Eichenfield LF, et al. The effects of culture, skin color, and other nonclinical issues on acne treatment. Semi Cutan Med Surg. 30(3 Suppl):S12-S15. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2011.07.005.
42. Dreno B, Thiboutot D, Gollnick H, et al. Large-scale worldwide observational study of adherence with acne therapy. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49(4):448-456. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04416.x.
43. Araviiskaia E, Dreno B. The role of dermocosmetics in acne vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016; 30(6):926–935. doi: 10.1111/ jdv.13579.
44. Lain E, Day D, Harper J, Guenin J. Tretinoin 0.05% lotion for the oncedaily treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris: impact of gender and race on efficacy and safety. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(11):1128- 1138. PMID: 31741356
45. Han G, Amstrong AW, Desai SR, Guenin E. Novel tretinoin 0.05% lotion for the once-daily treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in an Asian population. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(9):910-916.
46. Cook-Bolden FE, Weinkle SH, Guenin E, Bhatt V. Novel tretinoin 0.05% lotion for once-daily treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in a Hispanic population. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(1):32-38. PMID: 30681791
47. Bhatia N, Weiss JS, Sadick N, et al. Novel polymeric tazarotene 0.045% lotion for moderate-to-severe acne: pooled phase 3 analysis by race/ethnicity. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(7):727-734. doi:10.36849/ JDD.2020.5125.
48. Alexis AF, Johnson LA, Kerrouche N, Callender VD. A subgroup analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adapalene-benzoyl peroxide topical gel in black subjects with moderate acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13(2):170-174.
49. Alexis AF, Cook-Bolden F, Lin T. Treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in a Hispanic population: A post-hoc analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of clindamycin 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 3.75% gel. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(6):36-43.
50. Tan J, Bissonnette R, Gratton D et al. The safety and efficacy of four different fixed combination regimens of adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris: results from a randomized controlled study. Eur J Dermatol. 2018;28(4):502-508. doi:10.1684/ejd2018.3367.
51. Bouloc A, Roo E, Imko-Walczuk B, et al. A skincare combined with combination of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide provides a significant adjunctive efficacy and local tolerance benefit in adult women with mild acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(10):1727–1731. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14379.
52. Cook-Bolden FE. Treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris in a Hispanic population: a post-hoc analysis of efficacy and tolerability of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(4):455-459.
53. Callender VD, Young CM, Kindred C, Taylor SC. Efficacy and safety of clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025% Gel for the treatment of acne and acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(7):25-32. PMID: 22798973
54. Marson JW, Baldwin HE. New concepts, concerns, and creations in acne. Dermatol Clin. 2019;37(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2018.07.002.
55. See Jo-Ann, Goh Chee Leok, Hayashi N, et al. Optimizing the use of topical retinoids in Asian acne patients. J Dermatol. 2018;45(5):522- 528. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.14314
56. Enshaieh S, Jooya A, Siadat AH, Iraji F. The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, doubleblind placebo-controlled study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2007;73(1):22-25. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.30646.
57. Chularojanamontri L, Tuchinda P, Kulthanan K, et al. A double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled study to access skin tolerability and efficacy of an anti-inflammatory moisturizer in treatment of acne with 0.1% adapalene gel. J Dermatolog Treat. 2016;27(2):140-145. Doi: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1079298.
58. Cheng CE, Irwin B, Mauriello D, Liang L, Pappert A, Kimball AB. Selfreported acne severity, treatment, and belief patterns across multiple racial and ethnic groups in adolescent students. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010;27(5):446-452. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01286.x.
59. Munehiro A, Murakami Y, Shirahige Y, et al. Combination effects of cosmetic moisturizers in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. J Dermatol Treat. 2012;23(3):172-176. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2010.551109.
60. Hayashi N, Kawashima M. Study of the usefulness of moisturizers on adherence of acne patients treated with adapalene. J Dermatol. 2014;41(7):592-597. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12520.
61. Matsunaga K, Leow YH, Chan R, et al. Adjunctive usage of a noncomedogenic moisturizer with adapalene gel 0.1% improves local tolerance: a randomized, investigator-blinded, split-face study in healthy Asian subjects. J Dermatol Treat. 2013;24(4):278-282. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.661037.
62. Alexis AF, Burgess C, Callender VD, et al. The efficacy and safety of topical dapsone gel, 5% for the treatment of acne vulgaris in adult females with skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15:197-204.
