A survey. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(7):1587-1592. doi:10.1111/ jocd.13460.
7. Gold MH, Andriessen A, Hu S, et al. Physician survey on pre-/postprocedure measures for injectable treatments. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(9):2246-2251. doi:10.1111/jocd.13625.
8. Gold MH, Andriessen A, Cohen JL, et. al. algorithm for pre-/postprocedure measures for facial laser and energy device treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20:1(Suppl):S3-11
9. Gold M, Andriessen A, Goldberg DJ, et al. Algorithm for pre-/postprocedure measures for nonenergy-based and injectable skin treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20:11(Suppl):S3-10. doi:10.36849/ jdd.1121.
10. Trevelyan EG, Robinson N. Delphi methodology in health research: how to do it? Eur J Integrative Med. 2015;7(4):423-428. doi:10.1016/j. eujim.2015.07.002.
11. Fitzpatrick TB. Soleil et Peau. J Med Esthet. 1975(2) 33-34.
12. Eilers S, Bach DQ, Gaber R, et. al. Accuracy of self-report in assessing Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I through VI. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(11):1289-94. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.6101.
13. He SY, McCulloch CE, Boscardin WJ, Chren MM, Linos E, Arron ST. Self-reported pigmentary phenotypes and race are significant but incomplete predictors of Fitzpatrick skin phototype in an ethnically diverse population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(4):731-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.023.
14. Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124(6):869–871. doi:10.1001/ archderm.1988.01670060015008.
15. Ware OR, Dawson JE, Shinohara MM, Taylor SC. Racial limitations of Fitzpatrick skin type. Cutis. 2020;105(2):77-80. PMID: 32186531.
16. Alexis AF. Lasers and light-based therapies in ethnic skin: treatment options and recommendations for Fitzpatrick skin types V and VI. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169 Suppl 3:91-7. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12526. PMID: 24098905.
17. Kaushik SB, Alexis AF. Nonablative fractional laser resurfacing in skin of color: evidence-based review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(6):51- 67.
18. Manuskiatti W, Triwongwaranat D, Varothai S, Eimpunth S, Wanitphakdeedecha R. Efficacy and safety of a carbon-dioxide ablative fractional resurfacing device for treatment of atrophic acne scars in Asians. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63(2):274-83. doi: 10.1016/j. jaad.2009.08.051.
19. Chan NP, Ho SG, Yeung CK, Shek SY, Chan HH. Fractional ablative carbon dioxide laser resurfacing for skin rejuvenation and acne scars in Asians. Lasers Surg Med. 2010;42(9):615-23. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20974.
20. Eimpunth S, Wanitphadeedecha R, Manuskiatti W. A focused review on acne-induced and aesthetic procedure-related postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in Asians. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27 Suppl 1:7-18. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12050.
21. Smith Begolka W, Elston DM, Beutner KR. American Academy of Dermatology evidence-based guideline development process: responding to new challenges and establishing transparency. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(6):e105-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.10.029.
22. Greep JM, Siezenis LM. Methods of decision analysis: protocols, decision trees, and algorithms in medicine. World J Surg. 1989;13(3):240-4. doi: 10.1007/BF01659028.
23. Hossain MR, Ansary TM, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Diversified Stimuli- Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3970. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083970.
24. Alexis AF, Obioha JO. Ethnicity and Aging Skin. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(6):s77-s80. PMID: 29028856.
25. Maisel A, Waldman A, Poon E, Alam M. Types of cosmetic procedures requested by different types of patients and the reasons for these preferences. Dermatol Surg. 2020;46:1728-1732. doi: 10.1097/DSS. 0000000000002632
26. aylor SC. Meeting the unique dermatologic needs of Black patients. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;1;155(10):1109-1110. doi: 10.1001/ jamadermatol.2019.1963.
27. Muizzuddin N, Hellemans L, Van Overloop L, Corstjens H, Declercq L, Maes D. Structural and functional differences in barrier properties of African American, Caucasian and East Asian skin. J Dermatol Sci. 2010;59(2):123-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.06.00.
28. Alexis AF, Woolery-Lloyd H, Williams K, et. al. Racial/ethnic variations in skin barrier: implications for skin care recommendations in skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(9):932-938. doi: 10.36849/jdd.6312.
29. Lealâ€Silva H. Predicting the risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: The palmar creases pigmentation scale. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2021 Apr;20(4):1263-70. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13968
30. Song H, Beckles A, Salian P, Porter ML. Sunscreen recommendations for patients with skin of color in the popular press and in the dermatology clinic. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020;7(2):165-170. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.10.008.
31. Lyons AB, Trullas C, Kohli I et al. Photoprotection beyond ultraviolet radiation: A review of tinted sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 May;84(5):1393. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.079.
32. Restylane injectable gel. In: Summary of safety and effectiveness data. Food and Drug Administration. 2003. Accessed May 24, 2022. https:// www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf2/P020023b.pdf.
33. Gazzola R, Pasini L, Cavallini M. Herpes virus outbreaks after dermal hyaluronic acid filler injections. Aesthet Surg J. 2012;32(6):770-2. doi: 10.1177/1090820X12452293.
34. Nanni CA, Alster TS. Complications of carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. An evaluation of 500 patients. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24(3):315-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04161.x.
35. Nestor MS. Prophylaxis for and treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in laser and cosmetic surgery. J Drugs Dermatol. 2005;4(6 Suppl):S20-5. PMID: 16300226.
36. King M. Prophylaxis and treatment of herpetic infections. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(1):E5-E7. PMID: 28210384; PMCID: PMC5300736.
37. Alexis AF, Few J, Callender VD, et. al. Myths and knowledge gaps in the aesthetic treatment of patients with skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(7):616-622. PMID: 31329382.
38. Bever GJ, Brodie FL, Hwang DG. Corneal injury from presurgical chlorhexidine skin preparation. World Neurosurg. 2016;96:610.e1-610. e4. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.09.035.
39. Steinsapir KD, Woodward JA. Chlorhexidine keratitis: safety of chlorhexidine as a facial antiseptic. Dermatol Surg. 2017;43(1):1-6. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000822. PMID: 27399954.
40. Gold MH, Andriessen A, Bhatia AC, et. al. Topical stabilized acid: The future gold standard for wound care and scar management in dermatologic and plastic surgery procedures. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(2):270-277. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13280.
41. Shah S, Alster TS. Laser treatment of dark skin: an updated review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11(6):389-97. doi: 10.2165/11538940-000000000- 00000. PMID: 20866114.
42. Alster TS, Tanzi EL. Laser surgery in dark skin. Skinmed. 2003;2(2):80-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-9740.2003.01664.x. PMID: 14673304.
43. Woolery-Lloyd H, Viera MH, Valins W. Laser therapy in Black skin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2011;19(2):405-16. doi: 10.1016/j. fsc.2011.05.007. PMID: 21763999.
44. Taylor SC, Burgess CM, Callender VD. Safety of nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid dermal fillers in patients with skin of color: a randomized, evaluator-blinded comparative trial. Dermatol Surg. 2009; Suppl 2:1653- 60. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01344.x. PMID: 19807760.
45. Hosseinipour M. Dermal fillers strategies and adverse events specific to skin of color. Pearls from the expert. J Drugs Dermatol. December 11, 2021. Accessed May 26, 2022. https://nextstepsinderm.com/dermtopics/ dermal-filler-strategies-and-adverse-events-specific-to-skin-ofcolor/
46. Gold MH, Andriessen A, Dayan SH, Fabi SG, Lorenc ZP, Henderson Berg MH. Hypochlorous acid gel technology-Its impact on post-procedure treatment and scar prevention. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2017;16(2):162-167. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12330.
47. Cheyasak N, Manuskiatti W, Maneeprasopchoke et al. Topical corticosteroids minimise the risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after ablative fractional CO2 laser resurfacing in Asians. Acta Derm Venerol. 2015;95(2)201-205.
48. Mikkilineni R, Wipf A, Farah R, Sadick N. New classification schemata of hypersensitivity adverse effects after hyaluronic acid injections: Pathophysiology, treatment algorithm, and prevention. Dermatol Surg. 2020; 46(11):1404-1409. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002385
7. Gold MH, Andriessen A, Hu S, et al. Physician survey on pre-/postprocedure measures for injectable treatments. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(9):2246-2251. doi:10.1111/jocd.13625.
8. Gold MH, Andriessen A, Cohen JL, et. al. algorithm for pre-/postprocedure measures for facial laser and energy device treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20:1(Suppl):S3-11
9. Gold M, Andriessen A, Goldberg DJ, et al. Algorithm for pre-/postprocedure measures for nonenergy-based and injectable skin treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20:11(Suppl):S3-10. doi:10.36849/ jdd.1121.
10. Trevelyan EG, Robinson N. Delphi methodology in health research: how to do it? Eur J Integrative Med. 2015;7(4):423-428. doi:10.1016/j. eujim.2015.07.002.
11. Fitzpatrick TB. Soleil et Peau. J Med Esthet. 1975(2) 33-34.
12. Eilers S, Bach DQ, Gaber R, et. al. Accuracy of self-report in assessing Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I through VI. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(11):1289-94. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.6101.
13. He SY, McCulloch CE, Boscardin WJ, Chren MM, Linos E, Arron ST. Self-reported pigmentary phenotypes and race are significant but incomplete predictors of Fitzpatrick skin phototype in an ethnically diverse population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(4):731-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.023.
14. Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124(6):869–871. doi:10.1001/ archderm.1988.01670060015008.
15. Ware OR, Dawson JE, Shinohara MM, Taylor SC. Racial limitations of Fitzpatrick skin type. Cutis. 2020;105(2):77-80. PMID: 32186531.
16. Alexis AF. Lasers and light-based therapies in ethnic skin: treatment options and recommendations for Fitzpatrick skin types V and VI. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169 Suppl 3:91-7. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12526. PMID: 24098905.
17. Kaushik SB, Alexis AF. Nonablative fractional laser resurfacing in skin of color: evidence-based review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(6):51- 67.
18. Manuskiatti W, Triwongwaranat D, Varothai S, Eimpunth S, Wanitphakdeedecha R. Efficacy and safety of a carbon-dioxide ablative fractional resurfacing device for treatment of atrophic acne scars in Asians. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63(2):274-83. doi: 10.1016/j. jaad.2009.08.051.
19. Chan NP, Ho SG, Yeung CK, Shek SY, Chan HH. Fractional ablative carbon dioxide laser resurfacing for skin rejuvenation and acne scars in Asians. Lasers Surg Med. 2010;42(9):615-23. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20974.
20. Eimpunth S, Wanitphadeedecha R, Manuskiatti W. A focused review on acne-induced and aesthetic procedure-related postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in Asians. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27 Suppl 1:7-18. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12050.
21. Smith Begolka W, Elston DM, Beutner KR. American Academy of Dermatology evidence-based guideline development process: responding to new challenges and establishing transparency. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(6):e105-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.10.029.
22. Greep JM, Siezenis LM. Methods of decision analysis: protocols, decision trees, and algorithms in medicine. World J Surg. 1989;13(3):240-4. doi: 10.1007/BF01659028.
23. Hossain MR, Ansary TM, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Diversified Stimuli- Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3970. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083970.
24. Alexis AF, Obioha JO. Ethnicity and Aging Skin. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(6):s77-s80. PMID: 29028856.
25. Maisel A, Waldman A, Poon E, Alam M. Types of cosmetic procedures requested by different types of patients and the reasons for these preferences. Dermatol Surg. 2020;46:1728-1732. doi: 10.1097/DSS. 0000000000002632
26. aylor SC. Meeting the unique dermatologic needs of Black patients. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;1;155(10):1109-1110. doi: 10.1001/ jamadermatol.2019.1963.
27. Muizzuddin N, Hellemans L, Van Overloop L, Corstjens H, Declercq L, Maes D. Structural and functional differences in barrier properties of African American, Caucasian and East Asian skin. J Dermatol Sci. 2010;59(2):123-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.06.00.
28. Alexis AF, Woolery-Lloyd H, Williams K, et. al. Racial/ethnic variations in skin barrier: implications for skin care recommendations in skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(9):932-938. doi: 10.36849/jdd.6312.
29. Lealâ€Silva H. Predicting the risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: The palmar creases pigmentation scale. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2021 Apr;20(4):1263-70. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13968
30. Song H, Beckles A, Salian P, Porter ML. Sunscreen recommendations for patients with skin of color in the popular press and in the dermatology clinic. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020;7(2):165-170. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.10.008.
31. Lyons AB, Trullas C, Kohli I et al. Photoprotection beyond ultraviolet radiation: A review of tinted sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 May;84(5):1393. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.079.
32. Restylane injectable gel. In: Summary of safety and effectiveness data. Food and Drug Administration. 2003. Accessed May 24, 2022. https:// www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf2/P020023b.pdf.
33. Gazzola R, Pasini L, Cavallini M. Herpes virus outbreaks after dermal hyaluronic acid filler injections. Aesthet Surg J. 2012;32(6):770-2. doi: 10.1177/1090820X12452293.
34. Nanni CA, Alster TS. Complications of carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. An evaluation of 500 patients. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24(3):315-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04161.x.
35. Nestor MS. Prophylaxis for and treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in laser and cosmetic surgery. J Drugs Dermatol. 2005;4(6 Suppl):S20-5. PMID: 16300226.
36. King M. Prophylaxis and treatment of herpetic infections. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(1):E5-E7. PMID: 28210384; PMCID: PMC5300736.
37. Alexis AF, Few J, Callender VD, et. al. Myths and knowledge gaps in the aesthetic treatment of patients with skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(7):616-622. PMID: 31329382.
38. Bever GJ, Brodie FL, Hwang DG. Corneal injury from presurgical chlorhexidine skin preparation. World Neurosurg. 2016;96:610.e1-610. e4. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.09.035.
39. Steinsapir KD, Woodward JA. Chlorhexidine keratitis: safety of chlorhexidine as a facial antiseptic. Dermatol Surg. 2017;43(1):1-6. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000822. PMID: 27399954.
40. Gold MH, Andriessen A, Bhatia AC, et. al. Topical stabilized acid: The future gold standard for wound care and scar management in dermatologic and plastic surgery procedures. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(2):270-277. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13280.
41. Shah S, Alster TS. Laser treatment of dark skin: an updated review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11(6):389-97. doi: 10.2165/11538940-000000000- 00000. PMID: 20866114.
42. Alster TS, Tanzi EL. Laser surgery in dark skin. Skinmed. 2003;2(2):80-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-9740.2003.01664.x. PMID: 14673304.
43. Woolery-Lloyd H, Viera MH, Valins W. Laser therapy in Black skin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2011;19(2):405-16. doi: 10.1016/j. fsc.2011.05.007. PMID: 21763999.
44. Taylor SC, Burgess CM, Callender VD. Safety of nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid dermal fillers in patients with skin of color: a randomized, evaluator-blinded comparative trial. Dermatol Surg. 2009; Suppl 2:1653- 60. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01344.x. PMID: 19807760.
45. Hosseinipour M. Dermal fillers strategies and adverse events specific to skin of color. Pearls from the expert. J Drugs Dermatol. December 11, 2021. Accessed May 26, 2022. https://nextstepsinderm.com/dermtopics/ dermal-filler-strategies-and-adverse-events-specific-to-skin-ofcolor/
46. Gold MH, Andriessen A, Dayan SH, Fabi SG, Lorenc ZP, Henderson Berg MH. Hypochlorous acid gel technology-Its impact on post-procedure treatment and scar prevention. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2017;16(2):162-167. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12330.
47. Cheyasak N, Manuskiatti W, Maneeprasopchoke et al. Topical corticosteroids minimise the risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after ablative fractional CO2 laser resurfacing in Asians. Acta Derm Venerol. 2015;95(2)201-205.
48. Mikkilineni R, Wipf A, Farah R, Sadick N. New classification schemata of hypersensitivity adverse effects after hyaluronic acid injections: Pathophysiology, treatment algorithm, and prevention. Dermatol Surg. 2020; 46(11):1404-1409. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002385
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Anneke Andriessen PhD anneke.a@tiscali.nl
