conflicts of interest related to this work.
REFERENCES
1. Kohl E, Steinbauer J, Landthaler M, Szeimies RM. Skin ageing. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25(8):873-884.
2. Vollmer DL, West VA, Lephart ED. Enhancing skin health: By oral administration of natural compounds and minerals with implications to the dermal microbiome. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(10)
3. Feingold KR, Denda M. Regulation of permeability barrier homeostasis. Clin Dermatol. 2012;30(3):263-268.
4. World Health Organization, International Atomic Energy A, Food, Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Trace elements in human nutrition and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996.
5. Prashanth L, Kattapagari K, Chitturi R, Baddam V, Prasad L. A review on role of essential trace elements in health and disease. Review Article. J Dr NTR Univ Health Sci. 2015;4(2):75-85.
6. Forslind B. The skin barrier: Analysis of physiologically important elements and trace elements. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 2000;208:46-52.
7. Prasad AS, Oberleas D. Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. New York: Academic Press. 1976.
8. Zeuthen T, Stein WD, Eds. Molecular Mechanisms of Water Transport Across Biological Membranes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 2002.
9. Tateo F, Ravaglioli A, Andreoli C, et al. The in-vitro percutaneous migration of chemical elements from a thermal mud for healing use. Appl Clay Sci. 2009;44(1):83-94.
10. Wild CP. Complementing the genome with an "exposome": the outstanding challenge of environmental exposure measurement in molecular epidemiology. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(8):1847-1850.
11. Krutmann J, Bouloc A, Sore G, Bernard BA, Passeron T. The skin aging exposome. J Dermatol Sci. 2017;85(3):152-161.
12. Passeron T, Krutmann J, Andersen ML, Katta R, Zouboulis CC. Clinical and biological impact of the exposome on the skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34 Suppl 4:4-25.
13. Salsberg J, Andriessen A, Abdulla S, et al. A review of protection against exposome factors impacting facial skin barrier function with 89% mineralizing thermal water. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019;18(3):815-820.
14. Cecchi L, D'Amato G, Annesi-Maesano I. External exposome and allergic respiratory and skin diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(3):846-857.
15. Appenzeller BMR, Chadeau-Hyam M, Aguilar L. Skin exposome science in practice: Current evidence on hair biomonitoring and future perspectives. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34 Suppl 4:26-30.
16. Celebi Sozener Z, Cevhertas L, Nadeau K, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(6):1517-1528.
17. Dreno B, Bettoli V, Araviiskaia E, Sanchez Viera M, Bouloc A. The influence of exposome on acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(5):812-819.
18. Buendia-Eisman A, Prieto L, Abarquero M, Arias-Santiago S. Study of the exposome ageing-related factors in the Spanish population. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(10):adv00153.
19. Stefanovic N, Flohr C, Irvine AD. The exposome in atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 2020;75(1):63-74.
20. Passeron T. The skin exposome. An exciting growing field of research. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34 Suppl 4:3.
21. Hong CH, Schachter J, Sutton AB, et al. 89% Vichy mineralizing water with hyaluronic acid is a well-tolerated adjunct treatment that helps restore skin barrier function in dry skin-related inflammatory dermatoses and post-procedure skin care: A Canadian study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(7):2148-2155.
22. Berardesca E, Bonfigli A, Cribier B, et al. A split-face study assessing the clinical benefit, tolerability and subject satisfaction of a dermocosmetic in subjects with rosacea associated with erythema and sensitive skin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020;13:751-758.
23. Burke KE. Mechanisms of aging and development-A new understanding of environmental damage to the skin and prevention with topical antioxidants. Mech Ageing Dev. 2018;172:123-130.
24. Seite S, Benech F, Berdah S, et al. Management of rosaceaprone skin: evaluation of a skincare product containing Ambophenol, neurosensine, and La Roche-Posay thermal spring water as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(8):920-924.
25. Nielson M, Rasmont V, Valois A, Sore G, Gueniche A, Fagot D. Vichy volcanic mineralising water stimulates epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and tight junction synthesis: Results of an in vitro study. Electronic poster presented at: European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Conference; 2020.
26. Tacheau C, Weisgerber F, Fagot D, et al. Vichy thermal spring water (VTSW), a cosmetic ingredient of potential interest in the frame of skin ageing exposome: an in vitro study. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2018;40(4):377-387.
27. Ghersetich I, Tsampau D, Lotti T. L’eau thermale d’Avene” nel trattamento della “pelle sensibile”. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 1992;127:29-31.
28. Wollenberg A, Richard A, Bieber T. In vitro effect of the thermal water from La Roche-Posay on the stimulatory capacity of epidermal Langerhans cells. Eur J Dermatol. 1992;2:128-129.
29. Beauvais F, Garcia-Mace JL, Joly F. In vitro effects of Uriage spring water on the apoptosis of human eosinophils. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1998;12(4):446-450.
30. Tarnowska M, Briancon S, Resende de Azevedo J, Chevalier Y, Bolzinger MA. Inorganic ions in the skin: Allies or enemies? Int J Pharm. 2020;591:119991.
31. Seite S. Thermal waters as cosmeceuticals: La Roche-Posay thermal spring water example. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2013;6:23-28.
2. Vollmer DL, West VA, Lephart ED. Enhancing skin health: By oral administration of natural compounds and minerals with implications to the dermal microbiome. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(10)
3. Feingold KR, Denda M. Regulation of permeability barrier homeostasis. Clin Dermatol. 2012;30(3):263-268.
4. World Health Organization, International Atomic Energy A, Food, Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Trace elements in human nutrition and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996.
5. Prashanth L, Kattapagari K, Chitturi R, Baddam V, Prasad L. A review on role of essential trace elements in health and disease. Review Article. J Dr NTR Univ Health Sci. 2015;4(2):75-85.
6. Forslind B. The skin barrier: Analysis of physiologically important elements and trace elements. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 2000;208:46-52.
7. Prasad AS, Oberleas D. Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. New York: Academic Press. 1976.
8. Zeuthen T, Stein WD, Eds. Molecular Mechanisms of Water Transport Across Biological Membranes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 2002.
9. Tateo F, Ravaglioli A, Andreoli C, et al. The in-vitro percutaneous migration of chemical elements from a thermal mud for healing use. Appl Clay Sci. 2009;44(1):83-94.
10. Wild CP. Complementing the genome with an "exposome": the outstanding challenge of environmental exposure measurement in molecular epidemiology. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(8):1847-1850.
11. Krutmann J, Bouloc A, Sore G, Bernard BA, Passeron T. The skin aging exposome. J Dermatol Sci. 2017;85(3):152-161.
12. Passeron T, Krutmann J, Andersen ML, Katta R, Zouboulis CC. Clinical and biological impact of the exposome on the skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34 Suppl 4:4-25.
13. Salsberg J, Andriessen A, Abdulla S, et al. A review of protection against exposome factors impacting facial skin barrier function with 89% mineralizing thermal water. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019;18(3):815-820.
14. Cecchi L, D'Amato G, Annesi-Maesano I. External exposome and allergic respiratory and skin diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(3):846-857.
15. Appenzeller BMR, Chadeau-Hyam M, Aguilar L. Skin exposome science in practice: Current evidence on hair biomonitoring and future perspectives. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34 Suppl 4:26-30.
16. Celebi Sozener Z, Cevhertas L, Nadeau K, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(6):1517-1528.
17. Dreno B, Bettoli V, Araviiskaia E, Sanchez Viera M, Bouloc A. The influence of exposome on acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(5):812-819.
18. Buendia-Eisman A, Prieto L, Abarquero M, Arias-Santiago S. Study of the exposome ageing-related factors in the Spanish population. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(10):adv00153.
19. Stefanovic N, Flohr C, Irvine AD. The exposome in atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 2020;75(1):63-74.
20. Passeron T. The skin exposome. An exciting growing field of research. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34 Suppl 4:3.
21. Hong CH, Schachter J, Sutton AB, et al. 89% Vichy mineralizing water with hyaluronic acid is a well-tolerated adjunct treatment that helps restore skin barrier function in dry skin-related inflammatory dermatoses and post-procedure skin care: A Canadian study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(7):2148-2155.
22. Berardesca E, Bonfigli A, Cribier B, et al. A split-face study assessing the clinical benefit, tolerability and subject satisfaction of a dermocosmetic in subjects with rosacea associated with erythema and sensitive skin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020;13:751-758.
23. Burke KE. Mechanisms of aging and development-A new understanding of environmental damage to the skin and prevention with topical antioxidants. Mech Ageing Dev. 2018;172:123-130.
24. Seite S, Benech F, Berdah S, et al. Management of rosaceaprone skin: evaluation of a skincare product containing Ambophenol, neurosensine, and La Roche-Posay thermal spring water as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(8):920-924.
25. Nielson M, Rasmont V, Valois A, Sore G, Gueniche A, Fagot D. Vichy volcanic mineralising water stimulates epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and tight junction synthesis: Results of an in vitro study. Electronic poster presented at: European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Conference; 2020.
26. Tacheau C, Weisgerber F, Fagot D, et al. Vichy thermal spring water (VTSW), a cosmetic ingredient of potential interest in the frame of skin ageing exposome: an in vitro study. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2018;40(4):377-387.
27. Ghersetich I, Tsampau D, Lotti T. L’eau thermale d’Avene” nel trattamento della “pelle sensibile”. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 1992;127:29-31.
28. Wollenberg A, Richard A, Bieber T. In vitro effect of the thermal water from La Roche-Posay on the stimulatory capacity of epidermal Langerhans cells. Eur J Dermatol. 1992;2:128-129.
29. Beauvais F, Garcia-Mace JL, Joly F. In vitro effects of Uriage spring water on the apoptosis of human eosinophils. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1998;12(4):446-450.
30. Tarnowska M, Briancon S, Resende de Azevedo J, Chevalier Y, Bolzinger MA. Inorganic ions in the skin: Allies or enemies? Int J Pharm. 2020;591:119991.
31. Seite S. Thermal waters as cosmeceuticals: La Roche-Posay thermal spring water example. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2013;6:23-28.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Kaitlyn M. Enright MSc info@klynical.com
