Principles and Approaches for Optimizing Therapy With Unique Topical Vehicles

Disclosure

References

1. Nolan BV, Feldman SR. Dermatologic medication adherence. Dermatol Clin. 2009;27(2):113-120, v.
2. Christophers E. Cellular architecture of the stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol. 1971;56(3):165-169.
3. Elias PM, Cooper ER, Korc A, Brown BE. Percutaneous transport in relation to stratum corneum structure and lipid composition. J Invest Dermatol. 1981;76(4):297-301.
4. Elias PM, Menon GK. Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier. Advances in lipid research 1991;24:1-26.
5. Weiss SC. Conventional topical delivery systems. Dermatol Ther. 2011;24(5):471-476.
6. Gupta G, Mallefet P, Kress D, Sergeant A. Adherence to topical dermatological therapy: lessons from oral drug treatment. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161(2):221-227.
7. Tan X, Feldman SR, Chang J, Balkrishnan R. Topical drug delivery systems in dermatology: a review of patient adherence issues. Expert Opinion Drug Deliv. 2012;9(10):1263-1271.
8. Zhu YI, Stiller MJ. Dapsone and sulfones in dermatology: overview and update. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45(3):420-434.
9. Kaminsky A. Less common methods to treat acne. Dermatology. (Basel, Switzerland) 2003;206(1):68-73.
10. Kircik LH. Importance of vehicles in acne therapy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(6):s17-23.
11. Draelos ZD, Carter E, Maloney JM, Elewski B, Poulin Y, Lynde C, et al. Two randomized studies demonstrate the efficacy and safety of dapsone gel, 5% for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56(3):439. e431-410.
12. Lucky AW, Maloney JM, Roberts J, Taylor S, Jones T, Ling M, et al. Dapsone gel 5% for the treatment of acne vulgaris: safety and efficacy of long-term (1 year) treatment. J. Drugs Dermatol. 2007;6(10):981-987.
13. Tan JK. Adapalene 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 2.5%: a novel combination for treatment of acne vulgaris. Skin Ther Let. 2009;14(6):4-5.
14. Gottlieb AB, Ford RO, Spellman MC. The efficacy and tolerability of clobetasol propionate foam 0.05% in the treatment of mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis of nonscalp regions. J Cutan Med and Surg. 2003;7(3):185-192.
15. Jarratt M, Werner C, Alió Saenz A. Tazarotene Foam versus Tazarotene Gel: A Randomized Relative Bioavailability Study in Acne Vulgaris. Clin Drug Investig. 2013;33(4):283-289.
16. Huang X, Tanojo H, Lenn J, Deng CH, Krochmal L. A novel foam vehicle for delivery of topical corticosteroids. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(1 Suppl 1):S26-38.
17. Purdon C, Haigh J, Surber C, Smith E. Foam Drug Delivery in Dermatology. Am J Drug Deliv. 2003;1(1):71-75.
18. Draelos ZD, Feldman SR, Butners V, Alio Saenz AB. Long-term safety of ketoconazole foam, 2% in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis: results of a phase IV, open-label study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(1):e1-6.
19. Housman TS, Mellen BG, Rapp SR, Fieischer A, Feldman SR. Patients with psoriasis prefer solution and foam vehicles: a quantitative assessment of vehicle preference. Cutis 2002;70(6):327-334.
20. Tamarkin D. Foam–A Unique Topical Drug Delivery System. 2013.
21. Arzhavitina A, Steckel H. Foams for pharmaceutical and cosmetic application. Int J Pharm 2010;394(1-2):1-17.
22. Gupta M, Agrawal U, Vyas SP. Nanocarrier-based topical drug delivery for the treatment of skin diseases. Exp Opin Drug Deliv. 2012;9(7):783-804.
23. Gupta M, Goyal AK, Paliwal SR, Paliwal R, Mishra N, Vaidya B, et al. Development and characterization of effective topical liposomal system for localized treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. J Liposome Res. 2010;20(4):341-350.
24. Manosroi A, Wongtrakul P, Manosroi J, Sakai H, Sugawara F, Yuasa M, et al. Characterization of vesicles prepared with various non-ionic surfactants mixed with cholesterol. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces. 2003;30(1–2):129-138.
25. Ning M-Y, Guo Y-Z, Pan H-Z, Yu H-M, Gu Z-W. Preparation and Evaluation of Proliposomes Containing Clotrimazole. Chem and Pharma Bull. 2005;53(6):620-624.
26. Tabbakhian M, Tavakoli N, Jaafari MR, Daneshamouz S. Enhancement of follicular delivery of finasteride by liposomes and niosomes 1. In vitro permeation and in vivo deposition studies using hamster flank and ear models. Int J Pharm 2006;323(1-2):1-10.
27. Pornpattananangkul D, Fu V, Thamphiwatana S, Zhang L, Chen M, Vecchio J, et al. In vivo treatment of Propionibacterium acnes infection with liposomal lauric acids. Adv Healthcare Mater. 2013;2(10):1322-1328.
28. Kirjavainen M, Urtti A, Jääskeläinen I, Marjukka Suhonen T, Paronen P, Valjakka-Koskela R, et al. Interaction of liposomes with human skin in vitro — The influence of lipid composition and structure. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metab. 1996;1304(3):179-189.
29. Jorizzo J, Stewart D, Bucko A, Davis SA, Espy P, Hino P, et al. Randomized trial evaluating a new 0.5% fluorouracil formulation demonstrates efficacy after 1-, 2-, or 4-week treatment in patients with actinic keratosis. Cutis 2002;70(6):335-339.
30. Garg T. Current nanotechnological approaches for an effective delivery of bioactive drug molecules in the treatment of acne. Artif Cells, Nanomed, and Biotech. 2014:1-8.
31. Eichenfield LF, Hebert AA, Schachner L, Paller AS, Rossi AB, Lucky AW. Tretinoin microsphere gel 0.04% pump for treating acne vulgaris in preadolescents: a randomized, controlled study. Ped Dermatol. 2012;29(5):598-604.
32. Kircik LH. Microsphere technology: hype or help? J Clin and Aesthet Dermatol. 2011;4(5):27.
33. Han G, Friedman AJ, Friedman JM. Nitric oxide releasing nanoparticle synthesis and characterization. Nitric Oxide: Springer; 2011:187-195.
34. Blecher K, Nasir A, Friedman A. The growing role of nanotechnology in combating infectious disease. Virulence 2011;2(5):395-401.
35. Friedman AJ, Phan J, Schairer DO, Champer J, Qin M, Pirouz A, et al. Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chitosan-Alginate Nanoparticles: A Targeted Therapy for Cutaneous Pathogens. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(5):1231-1239.
36. Schairer D, Martinez LR, Blecher K, Chouake J, Nacharaju P, Gialanella P, et al. Nitric oxide nanoparticles: pre-clinical utility as a therapeutic for intramuscular abscesses. Virulence 2012;3(1):62-67.
37. Zheng D, Giljohann DA, Chen DL, Massich MD, Wang X-Q, Iordanov H, et al. Topical delivery of siRNA-based spherical nucleic acid nanoparticle conjugates for gene regulation. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2012;109(30):11975-11980.
38. Chajchir I, Modi P, Chajchir A. Novel topical BoNTA (CosmeTox, toxin type A) cream used to treat hyperfunctional wrinkles of the face, mouth, and neck. Aesth Plastic Surg. 2008;32(5):715-722.
39. Atamoros F. Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of moderate to severe lateral canthal lines: prelimary safety and efficacy results of a blinded, randomized, placebo controlled trial. Poster presented at The American Academy of Dermatology’s 2009 Summer Academy July 29-August 2, 2009, 2009; Boston, Massachusetts.

AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE