Alastin Skin Care, and Endo Laboratories; is associated with the equipment program from Soliton; is owner of and is salaried by Allenby Cosmetic Dermatology; is owner of Body Squad LLC; and is a stockholder in Endo Laboratories. Sabrina G. Fabi is a consultant, investigator, and stockholder for Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company. David McDaniel has received grant/investigator funding from AbbVie/Allergan, Cynosure, Dermforce, Pharma Cosmetix, RegenX Science, and Anne Arundel Dermatology; has received equipment loan from Canfield Scientific and Cynosure; has received consulting fees from AbbVie/Allergan, Dermaforce, and Cynosure; has received salary from Anne Arundel Dermatology; holds ownership in McDaniel Institute of Aging Research LLC and Senescence LLC; has served on advisory boards for AbbVie/Allergan and Cynosure; and is a stockholder in Anne Arundel Dermatology, Northcell Pharmaceuticals, and RegenX Science.
Funding Disclosures:
This study was sponsored by Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company. Writing and editorial assistance was provided to the authors by Stephen Collins, PhD of Peloton Advantage, an OPEN Health company, and was funded by Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, CA. All authors meet the ICMJE authorship criteria. Neither honoraria nor other form of payment was made for authorship.
Funding Disclosures:
This study was sponsored by Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company. Writing and editorial assistance was provided to the authors by Stephen Collins, PhD of Peloton Advantage, an OPEN Health company, and was funded by Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, CA. All authors meet the ICMJE authorship criteria. Neither honoraria nor other form of payment was made for authorship.
REFERENCES
1. Bonte F, Girard D, Archambault JC, Desmouliere A. Skin changes during ageing. Subcell Biochem. 2019;91:249-280.
2. American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. Survey on Dermatologic Procedures: Report of 2019 Procedures. 2020. Available at: https://www. asds.net/portals/0/PDF/procedures-survey-results-presentation-2019.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2021.
3. Goldberg DJ, Yatskayer M, Raab S, et al. Complementary clinical effects of topical tightening treatment in conjunction with a radiofrequency procedure. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2014;16(5):236-240.
4. Goldie K, Kerscher M, Fabi SG, et al. Skin quality—a holistic 360° view: consensus results. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021;14:643-654.
5. Lee SH, Min HJ, Kim YW, Cheon YW. the efficacy and safety of early postoperative botulinum toxin A injection for facial scars. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2018;42(2):530-537.
6. Niforos F, Ogilvie P, Cavallini M, et al. VYC-12 injectable gel is safe and effective for improvement of facial skin topography: a prospective study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:791-798.
7. Sweeney DL, Wang EB, Austin E, Jagdeo J. Combined hyperthermic 1060nm diode laser lipolysis with topical skin tightening treatment: case series. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(7):780-785.
8. Widgerow AD, Moradi A, Poehler J. A double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of a topical body treatment in combination with cryolipolysis procedures. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(4):342-348.
9. Humphrey S, Manson Brown S, Cross SJ, Mehta R. Defining skin quality: clinical relevance, terminology, and assessment. Dermatol Surg. 2021;47(7):974-981.
10. Jablonski NG. The evolution of human skin and skin color. Annu Rev Anthropol. 2004;33:585-623.
11. Birnbaum JE, McDaniel DH, Hickman J, et al. A multicenter, placebocontrolled, double-blind clinical trial assessing the effects of a multicomponent nutritional supplement for treating photoaged skin in healthy women. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2017;16(1):120-131.
12. Merinville E, Grennan GZ, Gillbro JM, et al. Influence of facial skin aging characteristics on the perceived age in a Russian female population. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015;37(suppl 1):3-8.
13. Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008;30(5):323-332.
14. Bielfeldt S, Springmann G, Seise M, et al. An updated review of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin—new perspectives and evaluation for claims support. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2018;40(4):348-355.
15. Tobin DJ. Introduction to skin aging. J Tissue Viability. 2017;26(1):37-46.
16. Roh M, Han M, Kim D, Chung K. Sebum output as a factor contributing to the size of facial pores. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155(5):890-894.
17. Di Cerbo A, Laurino C, Palmieri B, Iannitti T. A dietary supplement improves facial photoaging and skin sebum, hydration, and tonicity modulating serum fibronectin, neutrophil elastase 2, hyaluronic acid and carbonylated proteins. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2015;144:94-103.
18. Haydont V, Bernard BA, Fortunel NO. Age-related evolutions of the dermis: clinical signs, fibroblast and extracellular matrix dynamics. Mech Ageing Dev. 2019;177:150-156.
19. Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Fagien S, et al. Repeated onabotulinumtoxinA treatment of glabellar lines at rest over three treatment cycles. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(9):1094-1101.
20. Bensouilah J, Buck P. Skin structure and function. In: Bensouilah J, Buck P, eds. Aromadermatology: Aromatherapy in the Treatment and Care of Common Skin Conditions. Abingdon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing; 2006:1-11.
21. Fink B, Grammer K, Thornhill R. Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness in relation to skin texture and color. J Comp Psychol. 2001;115(1):92-99.
22. Fink B, Matts PJ. The effects of skin colour distribution and topography cues on the perception of female facial age and health. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22(4):493-498.
23. Dayan S, Rivkin A, Sykes JM, et al. Aesthetic treatment positively impacts social perception: analysis of subjects from the HARMONY study. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(12):1380-1389.
24. Dayan SH, Arkins JP, Gal TJ. Blinded evaluation of the effects of hyaluronic acid filler injections on first impressions. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(suppl 3):1866-1873.
25. Kligman AM, Graham JA. The psychology of appearance in the elderly. Dermatol Clin. 1986;4(3):501-507.
26. Samson N, Fink B, Matts PJ. Visible skin condition and perception of human facial appearance. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2010;32(3):167-184. 27. Sandby-Moller J, Poulsen T, Wulf HC. Epidermal thickness at different body sites: relationship to age, gender, pigmentation, blood content, skin type and smoking habits. Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83(6):410-413.
28. Gopaul R. Body beauty: insights into non-facial skin aging. Cosmetics & Toiletries. 2021;136(4):26-32.
29. Smith K, Nido P, Maitra P, et al. Rationale and preclinical evaluation of a multimodal topical body skincare product for toning and tightening. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(10):1041-1044.
30. Mitzmacher MG, Mithieux SM, Weiss AS, et al. Novel recombinant tropoelastin implants restore skin extracellular matrix. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(12):1166-1172.
31. Naylor EC, Watson RE, Sherratt MJ. Molecular aspects of skin ageing. Maturitas. 2011;69(3):249-256.
32. Swift A, Liew S, Weinkle S, et al. The facial aging process from the "inside out". Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(10):1107-1119.
33. Sparavigna A. Role of the extracellular matrix in skin aging and dedicated treatment—state of the art. Plast Aesthet Res. 2020;7:14. 34. Qin Z-H. Autophagy: Biology and Diseases. Singapore: Science Press and Springer Nature; 2019.
35. Escobedo N, Oliver G. The lymphatic vasculature: its role in adipose metabolism and obesity. Cell Metab. 2017;26(4):598-609.
36. Ryan TJ. Structure and function of lymphatics. J Invest Dermatol. 1989;93(2 suppl):18s-24s.
37. Hibuse T, Maeda N, Nagasawa A, Funahashi T. Aquaporins and glycerol metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(8):1004-1011. 38. Song Z, Xiaoli AM, Yang F. Regulation and metabolic significance of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissues. Nutrients. 2018;10(10):1383.
39. Kavali CM, Nguyen TQ, Zahr AS, et al. A randomized, double-blind, split-body, placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a topical body firming moisturizer for upper arm rejuvenation. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;41(6):NP474-NP483.
40. Carruthers J, Bourne G, Bell M, Widgerow A. Prospective, randomized, comparative study of the cutaneous effects of a topical body treatment compared to a bland moisturizer. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(9):NP1188- NP1198.
41. Farage MA, Miller KW, Berardesca E, Maibach HI. Psychological and social implications of aging skin: normal aging and the effects of cutaneous disease. Textbook of Aging Skin. 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2017:1645-1656.
2. American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. Survey on Dermatologic Procedures: Report of 2019 Procedures. 2020. Available at: https://www. asds.net/portals/0/PDF/procedures-survey-results-presentation-2019.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2021.
3. Goldberg DJ, Yatskayer M, Raab S, et al. Complementary clinical effects of topical tightening treatment in conjunction with a radiofrequency procedure. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2014;16(5):236-240.
4. Goldie K, Kerscher M, Fabi SG, et al. Skin quality—a holistic 360° view: consensus results. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021;14:643-654.
5. Lee SH, Min HJ, Kim YW, Cheon YW. the efficacy and safety of early postoperative botulinum toxin A injection for facial scars. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2018;42(2):530-537.
6. Niforos F, Ogilvie P, Cavallini M, et al. VYC-12 injectable gel is safe and effective for improvement of facial skin topography: a prospective study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:791-798.
7. Sweeney DL, Wang EB, Austin E, Jagdeo J. Combined hyperthermic 1060nm diode laser lipolysis with topical skin tightening treatment: case series. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(7):780-785.
8. Widgerow AD, Moradi A, Poehler J. A double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of a topical body treatment in combination with cryolipolysis procedures. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(4):342-348.
9. Humphrey S, Manson Brown S, Cross SJ, Mehta R. Defining skin quality: clinical relevance, terminology, and assessment. Dermatol Surg. 2021;47(7):974-981.
10. Jablonski NG. The evolution of human skin and skin color. Annu Rev Anthropol. 2004;33:585-623.
11. Birnbaum JE, McDaniel DH, Hickman J, et al. A multicenter, placebocontrolled, double-blind clinical trial assessing the effects of a multicomponent nutritional supplement for treating photoaged skin in healthy women. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2017;16(1):120-131.
12. Merinville E, Grennan GZ, Gillbro JM, et al. Influence of facial skin aging characteristics on the perceived age in a Russian female population. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015;37(suppl 1):3-8.
13. Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008;30(5):323-332.
14. Bielfeldt S, Springmann G, Seise M, et al. An updated review of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin—new perspectives and evaluation for claims support. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2018;40(4):348-355.
15. Tobin DJ. Introduction to skin aging. J Tissue Viability. 2017;26(1):37-46.
16. Roh M, Han M, Kim D, Chung K. Sebum output as a factor contributing to the size of facial pores. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155(5):890-894.
17. Di Cerbo A, Laurino C, Palmieri B, Iannitti T. A dietary supplement improves facial photoaging and skin sebum, hydration, and tonicity modulating serum fibronectin, neutrophil elastase 2, hyaluronic acid and carbonylated proteins. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2015;144:94-103.
18. Haydont V, Bernard BA, Fortunel NO. Age-related evolutions of the dermis: clinical signs, fibroblast and extracellular matrix dynamics. Mech Ageing Dev. 2019;177:150-156.
19. Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Fagien S, et al. Repeated onabotulinumtoxinA treatment of glabellar lines at rest over three treatment cycles. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(9):1094-1101.
20. Bensouilah J, Buck P. Skin structure and function. In: Bensouilah J, Buck P, eds. Aromadermatology: Aromatherapy in the Treatment and Care of Common Skin Conditions. Abingdon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing; 2006:1-11.
21. Fink B, Grammer K, Thornhill R. Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness in relation to skin texture and color. J Comp Psychol. 2001;115(1):92-99.
22. Fink B, Matts PJ. The effects of skin colour distribution and topography cues on the perception of female facial age and health. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22(4):493-498.
23. Dayan S, Rivkin A, Sykes JM, et al. Aesthetic treatment positively impacts social perception: analysis of subjects from the HARMONY study. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(12):1380-1389.
24. Dayan SH, Arkins JP, Gal TJ. Blinded evaluation of the effects of hyaluronic acid filler injections on first impressions. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(suppl 3):1866-1873.
25. Kligman AM, Graham JA. The psychology of appearance in the elderly. Dermatol Clin. 1986;4(3):501-507.
26. Samson N, Fink B, Matts PJ. Visible skin condition and perception of human facial appearance. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2010;32(3):167-184. 27. Sandby-Moller J, Poulsen T, Wulf HC. Epidermal thickness at different body sites: relationship to age, gender, pigmentation, blood content, skin type and smoking habits. Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83(6):410-413.
28. Gopaul R. Body beauty: insights into non-facial skin aging. Cosmetics & Toiletries. 2021;136(4):26-32.
29. Smith K, Nido P, Maitra P, et al. Rationale and preclinical evaluation of a multimodal topical body skincare product for toning and tightening. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(10):1041-1044.
30. Mitzmacher MG, Mithieux SM, Weiss AS, et al. Novel recombinant tropoelastin implants restore skin extracellular matrix. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(12):1166-1172.
31. Naylor EC, Watson RE, Sherratt MJ. Molecular aspects of skin ageing. Maturitas. 2011;69(3):249-256.
32. Swift A, Liew S, Weinkle S, et al. The facial aging process from the "inside out". Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(10):1107-1119.
33. Sparavigna A. Role of the extracellular matrix in skin aging and dedicated treatment—state of the art. Plast Aesthet Res. 2020;7:14. 34. Qin Z-H. Autophagy: Biology and Diseases. Singapore: Science Press and Springer Nature; 2019.
35. Escobedo N, Oliver G. The lymphatic vasculature: its role in adipose metabolism and obesity. Cell Metab. 2017;26(4):598-609.
36. Ryan TJ. Structure and function of lymphatics. J Invest Dermatol. 1989;93(2 suppl):18s-24s.
37. Hibuse T, Maeda N, Nagasawa A, Funahashi T. Aquaporins and glycerol metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(8):1004-1011. 38. Song Z, Xiaoli AM, Yang F. Regulation and metabolic significance of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissues. Nutrients. 2018;10(10):1383.
39. Kavali CM, Nguyen TQ, Zahr AS, et al. A randomized, double-blind, split-body, placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a topical body firming moisturizer for upper arm rejuvenation. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;41(6):NP474-NP483.
40. Carruthers J, Bourne G, Bell M, Widgerow A. Prospective, randomized, comparative study of the cutaneous effects of a topical body treatment compared to a bland moisturizer. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(9):NP1188- NP1198.
41. Farage MA, Miller KW, Berardesca E, Maibach HI. Psychological and social implications of aging skin: normal aging and the effects of cutaneous disease. Textbook of Aging Skin. 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2017:1645-1656.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Tsing Cheng PhD tsing.cheng@abbvie.com
