DISCLOSURES
Dr. Suzanne Kilmer serves on the advisory board for Venus Concept and received research support for this study. Dr. Alison Kang has no disclosures.
The research was conducted at Laser and Skin Surgery Center of Northern California, Sacramento, California.
Funding for this study was provided by Venus Concept (Toronto, ON, Canada).
The research was conducted at Laser and Skin Surgery Center of Northern California, Sacramento, California.
Funding for this study was provided by Venus Concept (Toronto, ON, Canada).
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank Rachel R. Mays for assistance in
the writing of this manuscript.
REFERENCES
1. el-Domyati M, el-Ammawi TS, Medhat W, Moawad O, Brennan D, Mahoney MG, et al. Radiofrequency facial rejuvenation: evidence-based effect. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Mar;64(3):524-35.
2. Kligman LH, Kligman AM. The nature of photoaging: its prevention and repair. Photodermatol. 1986 Aug;3(4):215-27.
3. Helfrich YR, Sachs DL, Voorhees JJ. Overview of skin aging and photoaging. Dermatol Nurs. 2008 Jun;20(3):177-83; quiz 184.
4. Uitto J, Fazio MJ, Olsen DR. Molecular mechanisms of cutaneous aging. Age-associated connective tissue alterations in the dermis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989 Sep;21(3 Pt 2):614-22.
5. Cevenini E, Invidia L, Lescai F, Salvioli S, Tieri P, Castellani G, et al. Human models of aging and longevity. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008 Sep;8(9):1393-405.
6. Fisher GJ. The pathophysiology of photoaging of the skin. Cutis. 2005 Feb;75(2 Suppl):5-8; discussion 8-9.
7. Uitto J. Understanding premature skin aging. N Engl J Med. 1997 Nov 13;337(20):1463-5.
8. Kanda N, Watanabe S. Regulatory roles of sex hormones in cutaneous biology and immunology. J Dermatol Sci. 2005 Apr;38(1):1-7.
9. Verdier-Sévrain S, Bonté F, Gilchrest B. Biology of estrogens in skin: implications for skin aging. Exp Dermatol. 2006 Feb;15(2):83-94.
10. Escoffier C, de Rigal J, Rochefort A, Vasselet R, Lévêque JL, Agache PG. Age-related mechanical properties of human skin: an in vivo study. J Invest Dermatol. 1989 Sep;93(3):353-7.
11. Gordon RA, Crosnoe R, Wang X. Physical attractiveness and the accumulation of social and human capital in adolescence and young adulthood: assets and distraction. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 2013 Dec;78(6):1-137.
12. Gupta ND, Etcoff NL, Jaeger MM. Beauty in mind: The Effects of physical attractiveness on psychological well-being and distress. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2016;17:1313-25.
13. Benzeval M, Green MJ, Macintyre S. Does perceived physical attractiveness in adolescence predict better socioeconomic position in adulthood? Evidence from 20 years of follow up in a population cohort study. PLOS ONE. 2013 May 22;8(5):e63975.
14. Dayan S, Yeolin S, De Boulle K, Garcia J. Psychological impacts of upper facial lines: a qualitative, patient-centered study. Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum [Internet]. 2019 Jun [cited 2020 Nov 6];1(2). Available from: https://academic.oup.com/asjopenforum/article/1/2/ojz015/5492675
15. American Society of Dermatologic Surgery 2019 ASDS Consumer Survey on Cosmetic Dermatologic Procedures [Internet]. Available from: https:// www.asds.net/Medical-Professionals/Practice-Resources/ASDS-Consumer- Survey-on-Cosmetic-Dermatologic-Procedures
16. Lolis MS, Goldberg DJ. Radiofrequency in cosmetic dermatology: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2012 Nov;38(11):1765-76.
17. Shoshani D, Markovitz E, Monstrey SJ, Narins DJ. The modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale: a clinical validated measurement tool for nasolabial wrinkle severity assessment. Dermatol Surg. 2008 Jun;34 Suppl 1:S85-91; discussion S91.
18. Wong DL, Baker CM. Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales. Pediatr Nurs. 1988 Feb;14(1):9-17.
19. Kim JE, Lee HW, Kim JK, Moon SH, Ko JY, Lee MW, et al. Objective evaluation of the clinical efficacy of fractional radiofrequency treatment for acne scars and enlarged pores in Asian skin. Dermatol Surg. 2014 Sep;40(9):988-95.
20. Elman M, Harth Y. Novel multi-source phase-controlled radiofrequency technology for non-ablative and micro-ablative treatment of wrinkles, lax skin and acne scars. Laser Ther. 2011;20(2):139-44.
21. Warren R, Gartstein V, Kligman AM, Montagna W, Allendorf RA, Ridder GM. Age, sunlight, and facial skin: a histologic and quantitative study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991 Nov;25(5 Pt 1):751-60.
22. Ganceviciene R, Liakou AI, Theodoridis A, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012 Jul 1;4(3):308-19.
23. Gold M, Taylor M, Rothaus K, Tanaka Y. Non-insulated smooth motion, microneedles RF fractional treatment for wrinkle reduction and lifting of the lower face: International study. Lasers Surg Med. 2016 Oct;48(8):727-33.
24. Shao EX, Lim D. Stability of hyaluronic acid fillers after insulated microneedle radiofrequency treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2019;45(9):1213-6.
25. Vejjabhinanta V, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Limtanyakul P, Manuskiatti W. The efficacy in treatment of facial atrophic acne scars in Asians with a fractional radiofrequency microneedle system. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Sep;28(9):1219-25.
26. Kaminaka C, Uede M, Matsunaka H, Furukawa F, Yamamoto Y. Clinical studies of the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars and acne with a bipolar fractional radiofrequency system. J Dermatol. 2015 Jun;42(6):580-7.
27. Cho SI, Chung BY, Choi MG, Baek JH, Cho HJ, Park CW, et al. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of fractional radiofrequency microneedle treatment in acne scars and large facial pores. Dermatol Surg. 2012 Jul;38(7 Pt 1):1017-24.
2. Kligman LH, Kligman AM. The nature of photoaging: its prevention and repair. Photodermatol. 1986 Aug;3(4):215-27.
3. Helfrich YR, Sachs DL, Voorhees JJ. Overview of skin aging and photoaging. Dermatol Nurs. 2008 Jun;20(3):177-83; quiz 184.
4. Uitto J, Fazio MJ, Olsen DR. Molecular mechanisms of cutaneous aging. Age-associated connective tissue alterations in the dermis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989 Sep;21(3 Pt 2):614-22.
5. Cevenini E, Invidia L, Lescai F, Salvioli S, Tieri P, Castellani G, et al. Human models of aging and longevity. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008 Sep;8(9):1393-405.
6. Fisher GJ. The pathophysiology of photoaging of the skin. Cutis. 2005 Feb;75(2 Suppl):5-8; discussion 8-9.
7. Uitto J. Understanding premature skin aging. N Engl J Med. 1997 Nov 13;337(20):1463-5.
8. Kanda N, Watanabe S. Regulatory roles of sex hormones in cutaneous biology and immunology. J Dermatol Sci. 2005 Apr;38(1):1-7.
9. Verdier-Sévrain S, Bonté F, Gilchrest B. Biology of estrogens in skin: implications for skin aging. Exp Dermatol. 2006 Feb;15(2):83-94.
10. Escoffier C, de Rigal J, Rochefort A, Vasselet R, Lévêque JL, Agache PG. Age-related mechanical properties of human skin: an in vivo study. J Invest Dermatol. 1989 Sep;93(3):353-7.
11. Gordon RA, Crosnoe R, Wang X. Physical attractiveness and the accumulation of social and human capital in adolescence and young adulthood: assets and distraction. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 2013 Dec;78(6):1-137.
12. Gupta ND, Etcoff NL, Jaeger MM. Beauty in mind: The Effects of physical attractiveness on psychological well-being and distress. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2016;17:1313-25.
13. Benzeval M, Green MJ, Macintyre S. Does perceived physical attractiveness in adolescence predict better socioeconomic position in adulthood? Evidence from 20 years of follow up in a population cohort study. PLOS ONE. 2013 May 22;8(5):e63975.
14. Dayan S, Yeolin S, De Boulle K, Garcia J. Psychological impacts of upper facial lines: a qualitative, patient-centered study. Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum [Internet]. 2019 Jun [cited 2020 Nov 6];1(2). Available from: https://academic.oup.com/asjopenforum/article/1/2/ojz015/5492675
15. American Society of Dermatologic Surgery 2019 ASDS Consumer Survey on Cosmetic Dermatologic Procedures [Internet]. Available from: https:// www.asds.net/Medical-Professionals/Practice-Resources/ASDS-Consumer- Survey-on-Cosmetic-Dermatologic-Procedures
16. Lolis MS, Goldberg DJ. Radiofrequency in cosmetic dermatology: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2012 Nov;38(11):1765-76.
17. Shoshani D, Markovitz E, Monstrey SJ, Narins DJ. The modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale: a clinical validated measurement tool for nasolabial wrinkle severity assessment. Dermatol Surg. 2008 Jun;34 Suppl 1:S85-91; discussion S91.
18. Wong DL, Baker CM. Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales. Pediatr Nurs. 1988 Feb;14(1):9-17.
19. Kim JE, Lee HW, Kim JK, Moon SH, Ko JY, Lee MW, et al. Objective evaluation of the clinical efficacy of fractional radiofrequency treatment for acne scars and enlarged pores in Asian skin. Dermatol Surg. 2014 Sep;40(9):988-95.
20. Elman M, Harth Y. Novel multi-source phase-controlled radiofrequency technology for non-ablative and micro-ablative treatment of wrinkles, lax skin and acne scars. Laser Ther. 2011;20(2):139-44.
21. Warren R, Gartstein V, Kligman AM, Montagna W, Allendorf RA, Ridder GM. Age, sunlight, and facial skin: a histologic and quantitative study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991 Nov;25(5 Pt 1):751-60.
22. Ganceviciene R, Liakou AI, Theodoridis A, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012 Jul 1;4(3):308-19.
23. Gold M, Taylor M, Rothaus K, Tanaka Y. Non-insulated smooth motion, microneedles RF fractional treatment for wrinkle reduction and lifting of the lower face: International study. Lasers Surg Med. 2016 Oct;48(8):727-33.
24. Shao EX, Lim D. Stability of hyaluronic acid fillers after insulated microneedle radiofrequency treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2019;45(9):1213-6.
25. Vejjabhinanta V, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Limtanyakul P, Manuskiatti W. The efficacy in treatment of facial atrophic acne scars in Asians with a fractional radiofrequency microneedle system. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Sep;28(9):1219-25.
26. Kaminaka C, Uede M, Matsunaka H, Furukawa F, Yamamoto Y. Clinical studies of the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars and acne with a bipolar fractional radiofrequency system. J Dermatol. 2015 Jun;42(6):580-7.
27. Cho SI, Chung BY, Choi MG, Baek JH, Cho HJ, Park CW, et al. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of fractional radiofrequency microneedle treatment in acne scars and large facial pores. Dermatol Surg. 2012 Jul;38(7 Pt 1):1017-24.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Alison Kang MD alisonkangmd@gmail.com
