COVID-19 prevention can cause hand dermatitis: management tips. Cureus. 2020;12(4). doi:10.7759/cureus.7506
25. Rundle CW, Presley CL, Militello M, et al. Hand hygiene during COVID-19: recommendations from the American Contact Dermatitis Society. J Am Acad Dermatol. Published online 2020:1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.057
26. Han C, Shi J, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Increased flare of acne caused by longtime mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic among general population. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(4). doi:10.1111/dth.13704
27. Gomolin T, Cline A, Russo M. Maskne: Exacerbation or eruption of acne during the COVID-19 pandemic. Natl Soc Cutan Med. 2020;4(5):438-439. doi:10.1111/dth.13704
28. Fluhr JW, Darlenski R, Berardesca E. Ethnic groups and sensitive skin: two examples of special populations in dermatology. Drug Discov Today Dis Mech. 2008;5(2):e249-e263. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddmec.2008.06.004
29. Kligman AM. Human models for characterizing “sensitive skin.” Cosmet Dermatology. 2001;14:15-19.
30. Bernstein ET. Cleansing of sensitive skin; with determination of the pH of the skin following use of soap and a soap substitute. J Invest Dermatol. 1947;9(1):5-9. doi:10.1038/jid.1947.61
31. Frosch P, Kligman AM. A Method for appraising the stinging capacity of topically applied substances. Soc Cosmet Chem. 1977;28:197-209.
32. Maibach HI. The cosmetic intolerance syndrome. Ear Nose Throat J. 1987;66(1):29-33. 33. Fisher AA. “Status cosmeticus”: a cosmetic intolerance syndrome. Cutis. 1990;46(2):109-110.
33. Fisher AA. “Status cosmeticus”: a cosmetic intolerance syndrome. Cutis. 1990;46(2):109-110.
34. Misery L, Ständer S, Szepietowski JC, et al. Definition of sensitive skin: an expert position paper from the Special Interest Group on Sensitive Skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(1):4-6. doi:10.2340/00015555-2397
35. Willis CM, Shaw S, De Lacharrière O, et al. Sensitive skin: an epidemiological study. Br J Dermatol. 2001;145(2):258-263. doi:10.1046/j.1365- 2133.2001.04343.x
36. Misery L, Sibaud V, Merial-Kieny C, Taieb C. Sensitive skin in the American population: prevalence, clinical data, and role of the dermatologist. Int J Dermatol. 2011;50(8):961-967. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04884.x
37. Falcone D, Richters RJH, Uzunbajakava NE, van Erp PEJ, van de Kerkhof PCM. Risk factors associated with sensitive skin and potential role of lifestyle habits: a cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017;42(6):656- 658. doi:10.1111/ced.13133
38. Xu F, Yan S, Wu M, et al. Self-declared sensitive skin in China: a communitybased study in three top metropolises. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(3):370-375. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04648.x
39. Berardesca E, Farage M, Maibach H. Sensitive skin: an overview. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2013;35(1):2-8. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00754.x
40. Pons-Guiraud A. Sensitive skin: a complex and multifactorial syndrome. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2004;3(3):145-148. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00082.x
41. Buhé V, Vié K, Guéré C, et al. Pathophysiological study of sensitive skin. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016;96(3):314-318. doi:10.2340/00015555-2235
42. Seidenari S, Francomano M, Mantovani L. Baseline biophysical parameters in subjects with sensitive skin. Contact Dermatitis. 1998;38(6):311-315. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05764.x
43. Raj N, Voegeli R, Rawlings AV, et al. A fundamental investigation into aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of the stratum corneum in subjects with sensitive skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2017;39(1):2-10. doi:10.1111/ics.12334
44. Denda M, Nakatani M, Ikeyama K, Tsutsumi M, Denda S. Epidermal keratinocytes as the forefront of the sensory system. Exp Dermatol. 2007;16(3):157-161. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00529.x
45. Dhaka A, Viswanath V, Patapoutian A. Trp ion channels and temperature sensation. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2006;29:135-161. doi:10.1146/annurev. neuro.29.051605.112958
46. Berardesca E, Cespa M, Farinelli N, Rabbiosi G, Maibach H. In vivo transcutaneous penetration of nicotinates and sensitive skin. Contact Dermatitis. 1991;25(1):35-38. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01770.x
47. Ohta, M., Hikima, R. and Ogawa T. Physiological characteristics of sensitive skin classified by stinging test. J Cosmet Science Soc Japan. 2000;23:163- 167.
48. Cho HJ, Chung BY, Lee HB, Kim HO, Park CW, Lee CH. Quantitative study of stratum corneum ceramides contents in patients with sensitive skin. J Dermatol. 2012;39(3):295-300. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01406.x
49. Seite S, Misery L. Skin sensitivity and skin microbiota: is there a link? Exp Dermatol. 27;2018:1061-1064. doi:10.1111/exd.13686
50. Misery L, Jourdan E, Huet F, et al. Sensitive skin in France: a study on prevalence, relationship with age and skin type and impact on quality of life. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(5):791-795. doi:10.1111/jdv.14837
51. Proksch E, Holleran WM, Menon GK, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Barrier function regulates epidermal lipid and DNA synthesis. Br J Dermatol. 1993;128(5):473- 482. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00222.x
52. Zettersten EM, Ghadially R, Feingold KR, Crumrine D, Elias PM. Optimal ratios of topical stratum corneum lipids improve barrier recovery in chronologically aged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37(3 Pt 1):403-408. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(97)70140-3
53. Chamlin SL, Kao J, Frieden IJ, et al. Ceramide-dominant barrier repair lipids alleviate childhood atopic dermatitis: changes in barrier function provide a sensitive indicator of disease activity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(2):198- 208. doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.124617
54. Kircik LH, Del Rosso JQ, Aversa D. Evaluating clinical use of a ceramidedominant, physiologic lipid-based topical emulsion for atopic dermatitis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2011;4(3):34-40.
55. Draelos ZD. The effect of ceramide-containing skin care products on eczema resolution duration. Cutis. 2008;81(1):87-91.
56. Lynde CW, Andriessen A. A cohort study on a ceramide-containing cleanser and moisturizer used for atopic dermatitis. Cutis. 2014;93(4):207-213.
25. Rundle CW, Presley CL, Militello M, et al. Hand hygiene during COVID-19: recommendations from the American Contact Dermatitis Society. J Am Acad Dermatol. Published online 2020:1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.057
26. Han C, Shi J, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Increased flare of acne caused by longtime mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic among general population. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(4). doi:10.1111/dth.13704
27. Gomolin T, Cline A, Russo M. Maskne: Exacerbation or eruption of acne during the COVID-19 pandemic. Natl Soc Cutan Med. 2020;4(5):438-439. doi:10.1111/dth.13704
28. Fluhr JW, Darlenski R, Berardesca E. Ethnic groups and sensitive skin: two examples of special populations in dermatology. Drug Discov Today Dis Mech. 2008;5(2):e249-e263. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddmec.2008.06.004
29. Kligman AM. Human models for characterizing “sensitive skin.” Cosmet Dermatology. 2001;14:15-19.
30. Bernstein ET. Cleansing of sensitive skin; with determination of the pH of the skin following use of soap and a soap substitute. J Invest Dermatol. 1947;9(1):5-9. doi:10.1038/jid.1947.61
31. Frosch P, Kligman AM. A Method for appraising the stinging capacity of topically applied substances. Soc Cosmet Chem. 1977;28:197-209.
32. Maibach HI. The cosmetic intolerance syndrome. Ear Nose Throat J. 1987;66(1):29-33. 33. Fisher AA. “Status cosmeticus”: a cosmetic intolerance syndrome. Cutis. 1990;46(2):109-110.
33. Fisher AA. “Status cosmeticus”: a cosmetic intolerance syndrome. Cutis. 1990;46(2):109-110.
34. Misery L, Ständer S, Szepietowski JC, et al. Definition of sensitive skin: an expert position paper from the Special Interest Group on Sensitive Skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(1):4-6. doi:10.2340/00015555-2397
35. Willis CM, Shaw S, De Lacharrière O, et al. Sensitive skin: an epidemiological study. Br J Dermatol. 2001;145(2):258-263. doi:10.1046/j.1365- 2133.2001.04343.x
36. Misery L, Sibaud V, Merial-Kieny C, Taieb C. Sensitive skin in the American population: prevalence, clinical data, and role of the dermatologist. Int J Dermatol. 2011;50(8):961-967. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04884.x
37. Falcone D, Richters RJH, Uzunbajakava NE, van Erp PEJ, van de Kerkhof PCM. Risk factors associated with sensitive skin and potential role of lifestyle habits: a cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017;42(6):656- 658. doi:10.1111/ced.13133
38. Xu F, Yan S, Wu M, et al. Self-declared sensitive skin in China: a communitybased study in three top metropolises. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(3):370-375. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04648.x
39. Berardesca E, Farage M, Maibach H. Sensitive skin: an overview. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2013;35(1):2-8. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00754.x
40. Pons-Guiraud A. Sensitive skin: a complex and multifactorial syndrome. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2004;3(3):145-148. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00082.x
41. Buhé V, Vié K, Guéré C, et al. Pathophysiological study of sensitive skin. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016;96(3):314-318. doi:10.2340/00015555-2235
42. Seidenari S, Francomano M, Mantovani L. Baseline biophysical parameters in subjects with sensitive skin. Contact Dermatitis. 1998;38(6):311-315. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05764.x
43. Raj N, Voegeli R, Rawlings AV, et al. A fundamental investigation into aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of the stratum corneum in subjects with sensitive skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2017;39(1):2-10. doi:10.1111/ics.12334
44. Denda M, Nakatani M, Ikeyama K, Tsutsumi M, Denda S. Epidermal keratinocytes as the forefront of the sensory system. Exp Dermatol. 2007;16(3):157-161. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00529.x
45. Dhaka A, Viswanath V, Patapoutian A. Trp ion channels and temperature sensation. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2006;29:135-161. doi:10.1146/annurev. neuro.29.051605.112958
46. Berardesca E, Cespa M, Farinelli N, Rabbiosi G, Maibach H. In vivo transcutaneous penetration of nicotinates and sensitive skin. Contact Dermatitis. 1991;25(1):35-38. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01770.x
47. Ohta, M., Hikima, R. and Ogawa T. Physiological characteristics of sensitive skin classified by stinging test. J Cosmet Science Soc Japan. 2000;23:163- 167.
48. Cho HJ, Chung BY, Lee HB, Kim HO, Park CW, Lee CH. Quantitative study of stratum corneum ceramides contents in patients with sensitive skin. J Dermatol. 2012;39(3):295-300. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01406.x
49. Seite S, Misery L. Skin sensitivity and skin microbiota: is there a link? Exp Dermatol. 27;2018:1061-1064. doi:10.1111/exd.13686
50. Misery L, Jourdan E, Huet F, et al. Sensitive skin in France: a study on prevalence, relationship with age and skin type and impact on quality of life. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(5):791-795. doi:10.1111/jdv.14837
51. Proksch E, Holleran WM, Menon GK, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Barrier function regulates epidermal lipid and DNA synthesis. Br J Dermatol. 1993;128(5):473- 482. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00222.x
52. Zettersten EM, Ghadially R, Feingold KR, Crumrine D, Elias PM. Optimal ratios of topical stratum corneum lipids improve barrier recovery in chronologically aged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37(3 Pt 1):403-408. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(97)70140-3
53. Chamlin SL, Kao J, Frieden IJ, et al. Ceramide-dominant barrier repair lipids alleviate childhood atopic dermatitis: changes in barrier function provide a sensitive indicator of disease activity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(2):198- 208. doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.124617
54. Kircik LH, Del Rosso JQ, Aversa D. Evaluating clinical use of a ceramidedominant, physiologic lipid-based topical emulsion for atopic dermatitis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2011;4(3):34-40.
55. Draelos ZD. The effect of ceramide-containing skin care products on eczema resolution duration. Cutis. 2008;81(1):87-91.
56. Lynde CW, Andriessen A. A cohort study on a ceramide-containing cleanser and moisturizer used for atopic dermatitis. Cutis. 2014;93(4):207-213.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Yaxian Zhen MD PhD yaxian.zhen@rd.loreal.com
