4. Pietrzak A, Chabros P, Grywalska E, et al. Serum lipid metabolism in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis – An update. Arch Med Sci. 2019;15(2):369- 375. doi:10.5114/aoms.2018.74021
5. Liedén A, Winge MCG, Sääf A, et al. Genetic variation in the epidermal transglutaminase genes is not associated with atopic dermatitis. Brandner JM, ed. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49694. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049694
6. de Koning HD, van den Bogaard EH, Bergboer JGM, et al. Expression profile of cornified envelope structural proteins and keratinocyte differentiationregulating proteins during skin barrier repair. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166(6):1245- 1254. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10885.x
7. Smeden J Van, Janssens M, Kaye ECJ, et al. The importance of free fatty acid chain length for the skin barrier function in atopic eczema patients. 2014:45-52. doi:10.1111/exd.12293
8. Morganti P, Morganti G, Colao C. Biofunctional Textiles for Aging Skin. Biomedicines. 2019. doi:10.3390/biomedicines7030051
9. Escoffier C, de Rigal J, Rochefort A, Vasselet R, Lévêque JL, Agache PG. Age-related mechanical properties of human skin: An in vivo study. J Invest Dermatol. 1989. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12280259
10. Wlaschek M, Tantcheva-Poór I, Naderi L, et al. Solar UV irradiation and dermal photoaging. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. 2001. doi:10.1016/S1011- 1344(01)00201-9
11. Biniek K, Levi K, Dauskardt RH. Solar UV radiation reduces the barrier function of human skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206851109
12. Bak H, Hong S phil, Jeong SK, et al. Altered epidermal lipid layers induced by long-term exposure to suberythemal-dose ultraviolet. Int J Dermatol. 2011;50(7):832-837. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04789.x
13. Pirot F, Falson F. Skin Barrier Function. Vol 49; 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-319- 32383-1_139
14. Yuki T, Hachiya A, Kusaka A, et al. Characterization of tight junctions and their disruption by UVB in human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(10):744-752. doi:10.1038/jid.2010.385
15. Jungersted JM, Høgh JK, Hellgren LI, Jemec GBE, Agner T. The impact of ultraviolet therapy on stratum corneum ceramides and barrier function. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2011;27(6):331-333. doi:10.1111/ j.1600-0781.2011.00618.x
16. Lipsky ZW, German GK. Ultraviolet light degrades the mechanical and structural properties of human stratum corneum. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2019;100(Dsg 1):1-28. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103391
17. Wefers H, Melnik BC, Flür M, Bluhm C, Lehmann P, Plewig G. Influence of UV irradiation on the composition of human stratum corneum lipids. J Invest Dermatol. 1990. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12476124
18. Yamamoto T, Kurasawa M, Hattori T, Maeda T, Nakano H, Sasaki H. Relationship between expression of tight junction-related molecules and perturbed epidermal barrier function in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Arch Dermatol Res. 2008;300(2):61-68. doi:10.1007/s00403-007-0817-y
19. Johnson JL, Koetsier JL, Sirico A, et al. The desmosomal protein desmoglein 1 aids recovery of epidermal differentiation after acute UV light exposure. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(8):2154-2162. doi:10.1038/jid.2014.124
20. Lavker RM. Structural alterations in exposed and unexposed aged skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1979;73(1):59-66. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12532763
21. Amano S. Possible involvement of basement membrane damage in skin photoaging. J Investig Dermatology Symp Proc. 2009;14(1):2-7. doi:10.1038/ jidsymp.2009.5
22. Takagi Y, Nakagawa H, Kondo H, Takema Y, Imokawa G. Decreased levels of covalently bound ceramide are associated with ultraviolet B-induced perturbation of the skin barrier. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;123(6):1102-1109. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23491.x
23. Marionnet C, Tricaud C, Bernerd F. Exposure to non-extreme solar UV daylight: Spectral characterization, effects on skin and photoprotection. Int J Mol Sci. 2015. doi:10.3390/ijms16010068
24. Rigel EG, Lebwohl MG, Rigel AC, Rigel DS. Ultraviolet radiation in alpine skiing: Magnitude of exposure and importance of regular protection. Arch Dermatol. 2003. doi:10.1001/archderm.139.1.60
25. Van den Bergh BAI, Swartzendruber DC, Bos-van der Geest A, et al. Development of an optimal protocol for the ultrastructural examination of skin by transmission electron microscopy. J Microsc. 1997;187(2):125-133. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2818.1997.2200779.x
26. D’Orazio J, Jarrett S, Amaro-Ortiz A, Scott T. UV radiation and the skin. Int J Mol Sci. 2013. doi:10.3390/ijms140612222 27.
27. Brandner JM, Zorn-Kruppa M, Yoshida T, Moll I, Beck LA, De Benedetto A. Epidermal tight junctions in health and disease. Tissue Barriers. 2015. doi :10.4161/21688370.2014.974451
28. Brandner JM, Haftek M, Niessen CM. Adherens junctions, desmosomes and tight junctions in epidermal barrier function. Open Dermatol J. 2010;4(1):14- 20. doi:10.2174/1874372201004010014
29. Törmä H, Lindberg M, Berne B. Skin barrier disruption by sodium lauryl sulfate-exposure alters the expressions of involucrin, transglutaminase 1, profilaggrin, and kallikreins during the repair phase in human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(5):1212-1219. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5701170
30. Biniek K, Levi K, Dauskardt RH. Solar UV radiation reduces the barrier function of human skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012;109(42):17111-17116. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206851109
31. Permatasari F, Zhou B, Luo D. Epidermal barrier: Adverse and beneficial changes induced by ultraviolet B irradiation depending on the exposure dose and time (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2013. doi:10.3892/etm.2013.1175
5. Liedén A, Winge MCG, Sääf A, et al. Genetic variation in the epidermal transglutaminase genes is not associated with atopic dermatitis. Brandner JM, ed. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49694. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049694
6. de Koning HD, van den Bogaard EH, Bergboer JGM, et al. Expression profile of cornified envelope structural proteins and keratinocyte differentiationregulating proteins during skin barrier repair. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166(6):1245- 1254. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10885.x
7. Smeden J Van, Janssens M, Kaye ECJ, et al. The importance of free fatty acid chain length for the skin barrier function in atopic eczema patients. 2014:45-52. doi:10.1111/exd.12293
8. Morganti P, Morganti G, Colao C. Biofunctional Textiles for Aging Skin. Biomedicines. 2019. doi:10.3390/biomedicines7030051
9. Escoffier C, de Rigal J, Rochefort A, Vasselet R, Lévêque JL, Agache PG. Age-related mechanical properties of human skin: An in vivo study. J Invest Dermatol. 1989. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12280259
10. Wlaschek M, Tantcheva-Poór I, Naderi L, et al. Solar UV irradiation and dermal photoaging. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. 2001. doi:10.1016/S1011- 1344(01)00201-9
11. Biniek K, Levi K, Dauskardt RH. Solar UV radiation reduces the barrier function of human skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206851109
12. Bak H, Hong S phil, Jeong SK, et al. Altered epidermal lipid layers induced by long-term exposure to suberythemal-dose ultraviolet. Int J Dermatol. 2011;50(7):832-837. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04789.x
13. Pirot F, Falson F. Skin Barrier Function. Vol 49; 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-319- 32383-1_139
14. Yuki T, Hachiya A, Kusaka A, et al. Characterization of tight junctions and their disruption by UVB in human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(10):744-752. doi:10.1038/jid.2010.385
15. Jungersted JM, Høgh JK, Hellgren LI, Jemec GBE, Agner T. The impact of ultraviolet therapy on stratum corneum ceramides and barrier function. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2011;27(6):331-333. doi:10.1111/ j.1600-0781.2011.00618.x
16. Lipsky ZW, German GK. Ultraviolet light degrades the mechanical and structural properties of human stratum corneum. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2019;100(Dsg 1):1-28. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103391
17. Wefers H, Melnik BC, Flür M, Bluhm C, Lehmann P, Plewig G. Influence of UV irradiation on the composition of human stratum corneum lipids. J Invest Dermatol. 1990. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12476124
18. Yamamoto T, Kurasawa M, Hattori T, Maeda T, Nakano H, Sasaki H. Relationship between expression of tight junction-related molecules and perturbed epidermal barrier function in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Arch Dermatol Res. 2008;300(2):61-68. doi:10.1007/s00403-007-0817-y
19. Johnson JL, Koetsier JL, Sirico A, et al. The desmosomal protein desmoglein 1 aids recovery of epidermal differentiation after acute UV light exposure. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(8):2154-2162. doi:10.1038/jid.2014.124
20. Lavker RM. Structural alterations in exposed and unexposed aged skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1979;73(1):59-66. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12532763
21. Amano S. Possible involvement of basement membrane damage in skin photoaging. J Investig Dermatology Symp Proc. 2009;14(1):2-7. doi:10.1038/ jidsymp.2009.5
22. Takagi Y, Nakagawa H, Kondo H, Takema Y, Imokawa G. Decreased levels of covalently bound ceramide are associated with ultraviolet B-induced perturbation of the skin barrier. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;123(6):1102-1109. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23491.x
23. Marionnet C, Tricaud C, Bernerd F. Exposure to non-extreme solar UV daylight: Spectral characterization, effects on skin and photoprotection. Int J Mol Sci. 2015. doi:10.3390/ijms16010068
24. Rigel EG, Lebwohl MG, Rigel AC, Rigel DS. Ultraviolet radiation in alpine skiing: Magnitude of exposure and importance of regular protection. Arch Dermatol. 2003. doi:10.1001/archderm.139.1.60
25. Van den Bergh BAI, Swartzendruber DC, Bos-van der Geest A, et al. Development of an optimal protocol for the ultrastructural examination of skin by transmission electron microscopy. J Microsc. 1997;187(2):125-133. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2818.1997.2200779.x
26. D’Orazio J, Jarrett S, Amaro-Ortiz A, Scott T. UV radiation and the skin. Int J Mol Sci. 2013. doi:10.3390/ijms140612222 27.
27. Brandner JM, Zorn-Kruppa M, Yoshida T, Moll I, Beck LA, De Benedetto A. Epidermal tight junctions in health and disease. Tissue Barriers. 2015. doi :10.4161/21688370.2014.974451
28. Brandner JM, Haftek M, Niessen CM. Adherens junctions, desmosomes and tight junctions in epidermal barrier function. Open Dermatol J. 2010;4(1):14- 20. doi:10.2174/1874372201004010014
29. Törmä H, Lindberg M, Berne B. Skin barrier disruption by sodium lauryl sulfate-exposure alters the expressions of involucrin, transglutaminase 1, profilaggrin, and kallikreins during the repair phase in human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(5):1212-1219. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5701170
30. Biniek K, Levi K, Dauskardt RH. Solar UV radiation reduces the barrier function of human skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012;109(42):17111-17116. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206851109
31. Permatasari F, Zhou B, Luo D. Epidermal barrier: Adverse and beneficial changes induced by ultraviolet B irradiation depending on the exposure dose and time (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2013. doi:10.3892/etm.2013.1175
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Rebecca Barresi rebecca.barresi@rd.loreal.com
