INTRODUCTION
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a non-scarring hair loss characterized by gradual miniaturization of hair follicles and shortening of successive anagen cycles.1 It is the most common form of hair loss affecting men and women.2 Prevalence differs by gender and race, with >50% of older men and approximately 15% of postmenopausal women affected.2 Regardless of the cause, hair loss has significant impacts, especially on women.3
Treatment options for hair loss are limited as only topical minoxidil, oral finasteride, and photobiomodulation are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies.4,5 One hair loss treatment under investigation is microneedling,6 which is presumed to stimulate collagen formation, neovascularization, and production of growth factors,7 and which enhances their beneficial effects when combined with other topical hair loss treatments.6,7
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles derived from endoplasmic reticulum that transport various biomolecules necessary for normal intercellular physiology and intercellular communication.8,9 In dermatology, exosomes represent promising new medical treatments for wound healing,10 psoriasis,11 atopic dermatitis,12 and facial rejuvenation.13 There has been recent interest in the use of exosomes for hair restoration,14-16 particularly those derived from mesenchymal- and adipose-derived stem cells.17,18
A recent study combined microneedling with topical exosomes for treating male subjects with mild-to-moderate AGA (n=16).19 Baseline hair densities ranged from 75 to 95 hairs/cm2, increasing by 35 (6.5) hairs/cm2 after 12 months. These results suggest exosome therapy combined with microneedling is a beneficial treatment for AGA.
An innovative technology separates and refines pure exosomes from stem cells (ExoSCRT™. BENEV, Inc.; Mission Viejo, CA), resulting in a dual-action complex formulated to be quickly absorbed into the skin and scalp to deliver concentrated stem cell material containing lyophilized exosomes, potent growth factors, peptides, coenzymes, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins (Exosome Regenerative Complex+®. BENEV, Inc.; Mission Viejo, CA). Previous work demonstrated that exosomes