13. Trammell SAJ, Schmidt MS, Weidemann BJ, et al. Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans. Nat Commun. 2016;7:12948. doi:10.1038/ncomms12948
14. Faina L, Mazzanti C, Campione E, et al. Role of nicotinamide in genomic stability and Skin cancer chemoprevention. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(23):5946. doi:10.3390/ijms20235946
15. Mills KF, Yoshida S, Stein LR, et al. Long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice. Cell Metab. 2016;24(6):795-806. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.013. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
16. Mehmel M, Jovanović N, Spitz U. Nicotinamide Riboside--the current state of research and therapeutic uses. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1616. doi: 10.3390/ nu12061616
17. Ratajczak J, Joffraud M, Trammell SAJ, et al. NRK1 controls nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in mammalian cells. Nat Comm. 2016;7:13103. doi:10.1038/ncomms13103
18. Hou Y, Lautrup S, Cordonnier S, et al. NAD(+) supplementation normalizes key Alzheimer's features and DNA damage responses in a new AD mouse model with introduced DNA repair deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(8):E1876-E1885. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718819115. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
19. Belenky P, Racette FG, Bogan KL, McClure JM, Smith JS, Brenner C.Nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2 silencing and extends lifespan via Nrk and Urh1/Pnp1/Meu1 pathways to NAD+. Cell. 2007;129(3):473-84. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.024
20. Mouchiroud L, Houtkooper RH, Moullan N, et al. The NAD(+)/Sirtuin pathway modulates longevity through activation of mitochondrial UPR and FOXO signaling. Cell. 2013;154(2):430-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.016
21. Hwang ES, Song SB. Possible adverse effects of high-dose nicotinamide: mechanisms and safety assessment. Biomolecules. 2020 Apr 29;10(5):687. doi: 10.3390/biom10050687
22. Yoshino J, Kayser BD, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science. 2021;372(6547):1224- 1229. doi: 10.1126/science.abe9985. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
23. Liao B, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Hao X, Hu M. Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00442-4
24. Remie CME, Roumans KHM, Moonen MPB, et al. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation alters body composition and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations in healthy obese humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;112(2):413- 426. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa072
25. Conze D, Brenner C, Kruger CL. Safety and metabolism of long-term administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of healthy overweight adults. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9772. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46120-z
26. Cameron MC, Lee E, Hibler BP, et al. Basal cell carcinoma:epidemiology; pathophysiology; clinical and histological subtypes; and disease associations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(2):303-317. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.060. Epub 2018 May 18.
27. Que SKT, Zwald FO, Schmults. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and staging. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018; 78:237-247. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.08.059
28. Guy GP Jr, Machlin SR, Ekwueme DU, Yabroff KR. Prevalence and costs of skin cancer treatment in the U.S., 2002-2006 and 2007-2011. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48:183-187, doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.036.
29. Linos E, Katz KA, Colditz GA. Skin cancer—the Importance of prevention. JAMA Int Med. 2016;176:1435-1436. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.5008.
30. Homan DM, Berkowitz Z, Guy GP Jr, Hawkins NA, Saraiya M, Watson M. Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/j. jaad.2015.02.1112. Epub 2015 May 19.
31. Diehl K, Schneider S, Seuffert S, Greinert R, Görig T. Who are the nonusers of sunscreen, and what are their reasons? Development of a new item set. J Cancer Educ. doi:10.1007/s13187-020-01732-2 (2020).
32. Holman DM, Ragan KR, Julian AK, Perna FM. The context of sunburn among U.S. adults: common activities and sun protection behaviors. Am J Prev Med. 2021;60:e213-e220, doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.011
33. Stoddard M, Lyons A, Moy R. Skin cancer prevention: a review of current oral pptions complementary to sunscreens. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17:1266- 1271.
34. Desai S, Olbricht S, Ruiz ES, Hartman RI. Nicotinamide for keratinocyte carcinoma chemoprevention: a nationwide survey of Mohs surgeons. Dermatol Surg. 2021;47:452-453, doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000002788
14. Faina L, Mazzanti C, Campione E, et al. Role of nicotinamide in genomic stability and Skin cancer chemoprevention. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(23):5946. doi:10.3390/ijms20235946
15. Mills KF, Yoshida S, Stein LR, et al. Long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice. Cell Metab. 2016;24(6):795-806. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.013. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
16. Mehmel M, Jovanović N, Spitz U. Nicotinamide Riboside--the current state of research and therapeutic uses. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1616. doi: 10.3390/ nu12061616
17. Ratajczak J, Joffraud M, Trammell SAJ, et al. NRK1 controls nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in mammalian cells. Nat Comm. 2016;7:13103. doi:10.1038/ncomms13103
18. Hou Y, Lautrup S, Cordonnier S, et al. NAD(+) supplementation normalizes key Alzheimer's features and DNA damage responses in a new AD mouse model with introduced DNA repair deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(8):E1876-E1885. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718819115. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
19. Belenky P, Racette FG, Bogan KL, McClure JM, Smith JS, Brenner C.Nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2 silencing and extends lifespan via Nrk and Urh1/Pnp1/Meu1 pathways to NAD+. Cell. 2007;129(3):473-84. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.024
20. Mouchiroud L, Houtkooper RH, Moullan N, et al. The NAD(+)/Sirtuin pathway modulates longevity through activation of mitochondrial UPR and FOXO signaling. Cell. 2013;154(2):430-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.016
21. Hwang ES, Song SB. Possible adverse effects of high-dose nicotinamide: mechanisms and safety assessment. Biomolecules. 2020 Apr 29;10(5):687. doi: 10.3390/biom10050687
22. Yoshino J, Kayser BD, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science. 2021;372(6547):1224- 1229. doi: 10.1126/science.abe9985. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
23. Liao B, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Hao X, Hu M. Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00442-4
24. Remie CME, Roumans KHM, Moonen MPB, et al. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation alters body composition and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations in healthy obese humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;112(2):413- 426. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa072
25. Conze D, Brenner C, Kruger CL. Safety and metabolism of long-term administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of healthy overweight adults. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9772. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46120-z
26. Cameron MC, Lee E, Hibler BP, et al. Basal cell carcinoma:epidemiology; pathophysiology; clinical and histological subtypes; and disease associations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(2):303-317. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.060. Epub 2018 May 18.
27. Que SKT, Zwald FO, Schmults. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and staging. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018; 78:237-247. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.08.059
28. Guy GP Jr, Machlin SR, Ekwueme DU, Yabroff KR. Prevalence and costs of skin cancer treatment in the U.S., 2002-2006 and 2007-2011. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48:183-187, doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.036.
29. Linos E, Katz KA, Colditz GA. Skin cancer—the Importance of prevention. JAMA Int Med. 2016;176:1435-1436. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.5008.
30. Homan DM, Berkowitz Z, Guy GP Jr, Hawkins NA, Saraiya M, Watson M. Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/j. jaad.2015.02.1112. Epub 2015 May 19.
31. Diehl K, Schneider S, Seuffert S, Greinert R, Görig T. Who are the nonusers of sunscreen, and what are their reasons? Development of a new item set. J Cancer Educ. doi:10.1007/s13187-020-01732-2 (2020).
32. Holman DM, Ragan KR, Julian AK, Perna FM. The context of sunburn among U.S. adults: common activities and sun protection behaviors. Am J Prev Med. 2021;60:e213-e220, doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.011
33. Stoddard M, Lyons A, Moy R. Skin cancer prevention: a review of current oral pptions complementary to sunscreens. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17:1266- 1271.
34. Desai S, Olbricht S, Ruiz ES, Hartman RI. Nicotinamide for keratinocyte carcinoma chemoprevention: a nationwide survey of Mohs surgeons. Dermatol Surg. 2021;47:452-453, doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000002788
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Benjamin Kahn MD benjaminjkahn@gmail.com
