Beyond the above approaches, phototherapy has been investigated in SS given demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in other conditions.16,17 In one study, red light emitting diode (LED) exposure twice weekly allowed 77% of participants (n=30) to achieve significant SS-10 score reduction within 6 or fewer sessions.17 Interestingly, SS-10 scores remained decreased at 2 month follow-up from the final session, suggesting benefits may persist beyond the final treatment.17 Other studies demonstrated successful SS symptom reduction using low-level light therapy,18 intense pulsed light (IPL) alone16, and in IPL combination with shortwave radiofrequency.19 Phototherapy shows promise as an intensive SS therapy, but additional evidence is needed to determine the most advantageous regimen.
Novel approaches to SS include extracellular vesicles extracted from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, which were tested in 22 SS patients. This therapy (1mL application BID for 28 days) improved objective and subjective SS symptoms and reduced reactions to chemical irritation.20 Plasma rich in growth factors (PGRF) was studied in 5 SS patients; personalized PGRF serums were prepared from peripheral blood and applied to the face twice daily for 3 months. Results included increased skin hydration and decreased objective symptoms of SS.21 Although there were no adverse effects reported in these studies, they are likely not feasible for widespread use.
