INTRODUCTIONVitiligo is an aquired, idiopathic skin disorder that results from a loss of functional melanocytes from the involved skin.1-4 It is characterized by circumscribed depigmented macules and patches, frequently localized…
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INTRODUCTIONVolumetric changes in the mid-face occur naturally as the human face ages. They are characterized by the atrophy and gravity-induced repositioning of facial fat and skeletal remodeling.1-4 The resulting flattening…
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INTRODUCTIONPatients are increasingly looking to natural ingredients to improve the appearance of their skin and delay the effects of aging. The aging process in the skin is due to a…
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INTRODUCTIONLips are a key defining feature of the face and play an important role in conveying one’s age, attractiveness and health.1 Prominent signs of lip aging include loss of volume…
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INTRODUCTIONHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an incurable viral infection that weakens the immune system by entering, replicating within, and destroying CD4+ T cells. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and…
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INTRODUCTIONSkin aging is characterized by exhaustion of stem cell pools, and declining migration and differentiation of cutaneous stem cells. Associated DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction are regulated by…
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BACKGROUNDThe lower cutaneous lip represents an important aesthetic subunit of the face, and regional reconstruction aims to preserve the function and appearance of the adjacent oral aperture and chin. This…
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INTRODUCTIONThe electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and is arranged based on wavelength, from shortest to longest (gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet (UV) rays, visible…
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INTRODUCTIONCutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous group of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas arising from mature T-cells. CTCL is a rare but important entity for all dermatologists to become familiar with in…
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INTRODUCTIONThe seborrheic keratosis (SK), which is ubiquitous throughout all populations, is a benign tumor of the skin. Nomenclature for the SK includes seborrheic wart, seborrheic verruca, basal cell papilloma, pigmented…
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BACKGROUNDFollowing a diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), patients are often guided for subsequent management by their dermatologist and national guideline recommendations.1,2 Based upon staging classification for CMM, guidelines recommend…
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INTRODUCTIONIngenol mebutate gel 0.015% provides high clearance rates for actinic keratosis (AK) on the face and scalp1 but causes transient local skin responses (LSRs): erythema, flaking/scaling, crusting, swelling, vesiculation/pustulation, and…
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