Episodes of urticaria that recur more than six weeks are considered chronic. Chronic urticaria may be divided into chronic spontaneous urticaria with chronic idiopathic and autoimmune subtypes and chronic inducible…

INTRODUCTION Melasma is a complex disorder, often refractory to treatment, emotionally distressing, and associated with a decreased quality of life. Pollution may work synergistically with other factors such as genetics,…

INTRODUCTIONSubtypes of CLEAcute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (ACLE)Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE)Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CCLE)Lupus Profundus or Lupus Panniculitis (LP)Triggers of Cutaneous Lupus ErythematosusDermatologic Manifestations in Skin of ColorPost Inflammatory…

INTRODUCTION As with other organs of the body, the skin undergoes changes with aging. Unlike other organs, however, the skin is visible and, usually, an easy indicator of a person’s…

INTRODUCTIONMETHODSParticipantsStudy DesignInterventionMeasuresData AnalysisRESULTSDemographicsDisparities at BaselineComparative between PR-I and PO-IDifferences Between PR-I and 3MFDISCUSSIONto photosensitivity. For example, a darkly skinned CLE patient usually does not develop a traditional blistering sunburn, but…

INTRODUCTION Vitiligo can be a psychologically devastating disease, especially in darker skinned individuals. Vitiligo is a heritable condition. Although the inheritance pattern has not been fully established, up to 30%…

INTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSWe also analyzed data for participants who were 27 and older (n=24). For the participants 27 and older, the average actual age was 42.79. The average perceived age…

INTRODUCTION Acne is a condition that affects approximately 40 to 50 million people in the United States.1 Isotretinoin, first introduced in 1982, is used to treat severe nodular acne that…

INTRODUCTIONThere has been increased interest in possible gender differences in females and males when it comes to acne vulgaris and its treatment.1 Female acne patients have been shown to report…

INTRODUCTION The treatment of facial dyspigmentation requires persistence and diligence on the part of the dermatologist and the patient. The current standard prescription therapy of 4% hydroquinone requires at least…

INTRODUCTIONSTUDY DESIGNArm I: Evaluating Multiple Cleansing Brush HeadsMETHODSRESULTSArm II: Safety EvaluationMETHODStions. Two separate areas of the volar forearm were treated for 2 minutes each for five days in a row.…

INTRODUCTION Chronic sun exposure causes photoaging of the skin. Exposure to UV radiation induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade collagen and other components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Increased MMPs…