INTRODUCTION The past several years have seen numerous soft tissue filling agents ascend onto the cosmetic surgery scene. All of these different products claim superiority over the fillers that have…

INTRODUCTION In genetically predisposed individuals, cheek, periorbital, and suborbicular fat pads become atrophic over time. Simultaneously, the orbital retaining ligament also relaxes with increasing age, thus allowing further descent of…

INTRODUCTION Injectable fillers have become popular cosmetic procedures with more than one million injections performed annually.1 These augmentations are usually performed with hypodermic needles, often supplied with the product. Numerous…

INTRODUCTION In acne vulgaris, the cornerstone of topical treatment is retinoid therapy, including tretinoin (the first topical retinoid used in acne and the gold standard for several years).1 Retinoids, and…

INTRODUCTION Hippocrates said, "Let foods be thy medicine." Nutrition plays a key role in health and wellness. Poor nutrition contributes to aging and significantly increases the risk of developing systemic…

INTRODUCTION Over the last few decades, multiple advancements in skin rejuvenation techniques have provided dermatologists with a myriad of options for enhancing the cosmetic appearance of skin. Most important, many…

OVERVIEW AND TECHNIQUE Initially introduced in Italy in 1985, microdermabrasion (MDA) remains a popular cosmetic procedure today. The process involves rapid propulsion of abrasive microcrystals, usually aluminum oxide, at the…

INTRODUCTION White coat hypertension (WCHTN) refers to a clinical phenomenon characterized by elevated blood pressure (BP) when patients are in the doctor's office, where systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic…

INTRODUCTION Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic diseases that affect more than 90% of individuals during their lifetimes.1 Caused by inflammation of the pilosebaceous glands, acne vulgaris…

INTRODUCTION Long-term ultraviolet (UV) radiation facilitates the development of skin tumors. Lerche et al have reported that TCIs, including topical pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, did not accelerate photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice…

INTRODUCTION Flap viability depends on adequate blood flow in relation to the tissue-specific metabolic demands. Severed nutrient blood vessels and surgical denervation result in immediate reduction in perfusion pressure and…

INTRODUCTION Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a subtype of lupus erythematosus which presents mainly in areas above the neck include the nose, malar region, and ears.1 It is characterized clinically…