INTRODUCTION
The under-eye region remains one of the most prominent cosmetic concerns due to its thin skin and visibility.1 Periorbital hyperpigmentation, often referred to as dark circles, is a multifactorial condition influenced by genetics, aging, vascular congestion, and pigmentary changes, and it is frequently cited by patients as a major aesthetic complaint.2 As individuals age, dermal thinning, volume loss, and laxity accentuate periorbital hyperpigmentation, wrinkles, and puffiness, often conveying a prematurely aged or fatigued appearance.3 These aesthetic changes can significantly impact self-esteem, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life.4 Globally, the cosmetic eye care market is expected to exceed $28 billion USD in 2025, underscoring the high demand for effective treatments.5 Traditional approaches to managing periorbital hyperpigmentation, such as cosmetic concealers, topical depigmenting agents, chemical peels, laser and light-based therapies, and surgical interventions have demonstrated variable and often temporary results.2,6 These methods are frequently limited by safety concerns, inconsistent efficacy, and the need for repeated treatments, highlighting the ongoing need for more effective and durable solutions.6
The cysteamine–isobionic amide complex offers a novel, non-hydroquinone and non-retinoid approach to treating hyperpigmentation in the periorbital region. Cysteamine is a naturally derived aminothiol that reduces melanin synthesis through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of tyrosinase and peroxidase activity, dopachrome quenching, iron and copper chelation, and elevation of intracellular glutathione, while also exerting antioxidant effects.7 Isobionic-amide, a stabilized amide form of vitamin B3, supports epidermal barrier repair, enhances hydration, promotes even pigment distribution, and works synergistically with cysteamine to improve hyperpigmentation.8 Additionally, both agents have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the skin microenvironment, creating conditions that are less favorable for pigment overproduction.8 Together, they target
The cysteamine–isobionic amide complex offers a novel, non-hydroquinone and non-retinoid approach to treating hyperpigmentation in the periorbital region. Cysteamine is a naturally derived aminothiol that reduces melanin synthesis through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of tyrosinase and peroxidase activity, dopachrome quenching, iron and copper chelation, and elevation of intracellular glutathione, while also exerting antioxidant effects.7 Isobionic-amide, a stabilized amide form of vitamin B3, supports epidermal barrier repair, enhances hydration, promotes even pigment distribution, and works synergistically with cysteamine to improve hyperpigmentation.8 Additionally, both agents have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the skin microenvironment, creating conditions that are less favorable for pigment overproduction.8 Together, they target
