Weight Change and Dose Adjustment in Isotretinoin Therapy: A Retrospective Study

June 2025 | Volume 24 | Issue 6 | 8949 | Copyright © June 2025


Published online May 9, 2025

doi:10.36849/JDD.8949

Edwine K. Coulanges MSa, Hannah E. Myers BSb, Victoria M. Madray MDb, Loretta S. Davis MDb

aMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
bDepartment of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA

Abstract
Isotretinoin is used to treat severe nodulocystic acne. Cumulative doses of 120 to 150 mg/kg have been shown to limit adverse events while maximizing efficacy. Also proven safe, doses of 220 mg/kg and higher may be necessary to achieve optimal clinical results. The current standard of care uses the patient’s starting weight to determine goal dosing. This study seeks to identify specific patient groups among adolescents who are likely to experience a significant change in weight necessitating an adjustment to isotretinoin dosage over time. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adolescent patients who received isotretinoin therapy at Augusta University between 2015 and 2020. A total of 57 patients were analyzed in subgroups of age, gender, and duration of therapy. Results demonstrated that despite a statistically significant weight change among the stratified treatment duration groups, the differences did not prove to be clinically impactful and do not support changing the current standard of care.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2025;24(6) doi:10.36849/JDD.8949

INTRODUCTION

Isotretinoin has been used to treat severe acne vulgaris since the early 1980s. Initial studies demonstrated acne improvement with dosing regimens of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg daily.1,2 A decade later, cumulative doses of 120 to 150 mg/kg were shown to limit recurrence and adverse events while maximizing efficacy.3 Subsequently, doses of 220mg/kg and greater have also been proven safe in patients demonstrating limited initial response to therapy and have resulted in significantly decreased risk of relapse.4 Current standard of care uses the patient’s starting weight to determine the cumulative dose, but does not consider the impact of weight change during treatment. For most maturing adolescents, weight change during the treatment period is expected. This study seeks to identify specific patient groups more likely to experience significant changes in weight necessitating adjustments to a target cumulative dose.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with acne who were registered in the iPLEDGE database by Augusta University physicians between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Inclusion criteria included ages 13 to 21 years with documented pre- and post-therapy weights. Patients were stratified by age, sex, and treatment duration in months. Fifty-seven patients were identified; however, 1 outlier with substantial weight loss was excluded (Table 1). Average weight changes with standard deviations were calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), unpaired t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used to determine the significance of weight change within each stratified group.