INTRODUCTION
Acne vulgaris (acne) is a multifactorial skin disease with a prolonged course of acute outbreaks, relapses, and recurrences with significant social, psychological, and physical consequences.1-6 The presentation of pediatric acne depends on age (neonatal, infantile, mid-childhood, preadolescent, and adolescent), severity (mild, moderate, severe), type (eg, comedonal, papules, pustules, nodular), and other characteristics (eg, oily skin).5-8 Discoloration, such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and scar formation, may occur in some patients, making it necessary to initiate timely and effective treatment.9,10
Triggered by a pattern of innate inflammation, pediatric acne may manifest underlying pathology.5,6 Workup, when necessary, is based on age and physical findings, including morphology and distribution of acne lesions and age-related physical conditions.5,6,10
The pathogenesis of acne is thought to be similar at all ages, including pediatric acne.5,6,10-18 However, treatment and maintenance may differ due to the state of skin maturity and concerns about the safety and efficacy of various therapies in young age groups.5,6,10-18