INTRODUCTIONImmune checkpoint inhibitors including programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors show great therapeutic benefit for numerous advanced malignancies, but cause a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), with cutaneous toxicity…
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INTRODUCTIONVerruca vulgaris, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the epidermis, is a highly prevalent dermatologic condition, particularly in children and young adults.1 Clonal proliferation of infected keratinocytes leads to…
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INTRODUCTIONLichen planopilaris (LPP) is a cicatricial alopecia that presents with patchy or diffuse hair loss at the vertex or parietal scalp. Although there is no gold standard therapy, most interventions…
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INTRODUCTIONMohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is typically associated with mild to moderate pain on the day of surgery and first postoperative day that is often well-managed with over the counter analgesics.1…
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INTRODUCTIONSkin of color is defined as Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) IV, V, or VI in individuals of Hispanic/ Latino, African, or Asian descent. Over the next two decades, people of…
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INTRODUCTIONCutaneous melanoma (CM) is a malignant neoplasm arising from melanocytes.1 Even though melanoma accounts for less than 5% of all skin cancers, the majority of skin cancer deaths are due…
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INTRODUCTIONHyperhidrosis (HH) is a disorder of eccrine sweat production in an amount in excess of what is needed for thermoregulation. It is estimated that HH affects 4.8% of the US…
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INTRODUCTIONSARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with a variety of changes in the nail unit,1 namely nail fold capillary changes,2 pernio-like changes known as COVID-toes or COVID-fingers3-5 positive for SARS-CoV-2 in…
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INTRODUCTIONImmunosuppression, as seen in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), has been highly associated with the development of cutaneous keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs), particularly squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and basal cell carcinomas…
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INTRODUCTIONNivolumab is a human immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody IgG4 that binds to and thus blocks the programmed death (PD-1) receptor, and ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody against CTL antigen 4 (CTLA-4).…
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INTRODUCTIONOn histologic interpretation during MMS, the authors observed numerous areas of incompletely stained tissue where cellular architecture was preserved, but obscured by an amorphous, eosinophilic artifact that eliminated contrast between…
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INTRODUCTION Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a common cancer with an annual incidence in the United States of over 3 million new diagnoses.1,2 There are 2 major subtypes: basal cell…
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