INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 (DM-1) and type 2 (DM-2) is a worldwide public health problem affecting over 460 million people globally in 2019; and estimated to rise to 578…
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IntroductionThe immune response comprises a complex cascade of reactions that balances effector and regulatory functions.1 While the effector’s arm includes cellular and molecular components responsible for preventing cellular infections and…
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INTRODUCTIONHzailey-Hailey disease (HHD), or benign familial pemphigus, is an uncommon blistering disorder that presents as recurrent vesicles and erosions. These lesions often appear in the third to fourth decade of…
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INTRODUCTIONLocal anesthesia is used in over one-million cutaneous surgeries per year, allowing providers to successfully perform many outpatient and office-setting surgeries.1 However, administration of local anesthesia has drawbacks, including the…
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INTRODUCTIONPrivate equity-backed dermatology groups (PEGs) have been a subject of much interest among the dermatology community throughout the country. Recent trends indicate a growing number of physician-owned dermatology practices being…
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INTRODUCTIONRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common oral lesion; it has unknown etiology and is characterized by periodic oval, shallow, painful ulcers, gray or yellowish in color, which are…
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INTRODUCTIONAn estimated 15-25% of the population has previously experienced urticaria, with the highest prevalence in women and the middle-aged population.1 Chronic urticaria (CU) is defined as wheals, angioedema, or both,…
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INTRODUCTIONPsoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the skin. First-line treatment for mild-to-moderate psoriasis is topical treatment, including corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, keratinolytics, calcineurin inhibitors, salicylic acid, and tar.1,2…
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INTRODUCTIONBrodalumab is an interleukin-17 receptor A antagonist indicated for the systemic treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who have lost response or failed to respond to other systemic…
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INTRODUCTIONHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory disease of the apocrine gland-bearing areas such as the axilla, groin, and perianal skin, which is characterized by deep seated painful nodules,…
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INTRODUCTIONSemaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog that was FDA-approved in 2017 for treatment of type II diabetes and in 2021 for treatment for chronic weight management in adults with…
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INTRODUCTIONDiscoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs with or without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). DLE treatment is challenging, and there is paucity of effective therapeutic…
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