INTRODUCTIONImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a form of immunotherapy that have contributed to substantial improvements in both the morbidity and mortality of melanoma and include monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte…
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INTRODUCTIONPressure injuries are exceedingly common lesions which cause a great deal of morbidity, especially in the elderly.1 Treatment is mostly supportive, with avoidance of pressure on the injury being the…
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INTRODUCTIONEndocrine Mucin Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare, low-grade neuroendocrine cutaneous adnexal neoplasm. This tumor is more common in women than men, and the median age at presentation…
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INTRODUCTIONThe American Cancer Society estimates a 7.3% increase in new melanoma cases in 2024 and a 3.8% rise in mortality.1 According to SEER data, melanoma incidence rates are lowest in…
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INTRODUCTIONCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCis), also known as Bowen's disease, is a common intra-epidermal, low-grade malignancy that predominantly occurs on chronically sun-exposed skin, such as the head, neck,…
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INTRODUCTIONActinic keratoses (AK) are common precancerous lesions characterized by rough, scaly patches resulting from chronic sun exposure. With the potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma, effective treatment of AKs…
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INTRODUCTIONMelanoma is one of the most common malignancies in the United States (US) and has the highest mortality rate of any skin cancer.1 A study exploring the effects of dermatologist…
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INTRODUCTIONHydroxy acids (HAs) are a diverse class of topical agents with a decades-long tenure in dermatology, used for acne, ichthyosis, keratoses, warts, psoriasis, and photoaging. HAs are classified into alpha…
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INTRODUCTIONAs individuals age, morphological and immunological changes affect the skin's function as a protective barrier. These changes not only influence the skin's appearance but also its capacity to heal after…
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INTRODUCTIONCylindromas are well-circumscribed, smooth, pink nodular tumors predominantly found on the head and neck regions, frequently associated with conditions like Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome (BSS) and familial cylindromatosis. BSS patients typically present…
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INTRODUCTIONIn 2024, an estimated 2,001,140 new cancer cases and 611,720 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States.1 Hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, are…
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INTRODUCTIONChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, California) is a novel artificial intelligence (AI) large language model (LLM) that has garnered significant attention in the literature as of late.1-3 With potential to significantly…
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