INTRODUCTIONPrevious studies indicate that human skin is a target for infrared A radiation (IRA).1 Infrared A (IRA) irradiation leads to increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), an enzyme involved…
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INTRODUCTIONBetween 80% and 100% of individuals over the age of 50 have at least one seborrheic keratosis (SK). These lesions may be of concern to the patient by either being…
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INTRODUCTIONOver the last two decades, a greater understanding of the complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to progressive changes in the face over time has led to revolutionary…
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INTRODUCTIONPrevention and early intervention (P&E) is a relatively new concept in aesthetic medicine, with minimal research and few publications to date.1-3 At such an early stage, discussion around the importance…
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INTRODUCTIONAs of the end of 2016, 24 different soft tissue fillers have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1981; these fillers may be used to reduce…
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INTRODUCTIONDue to the large and increasing number of available dermal filler products, health care providers (HCPs) face a great challenge when selecting the appropriate product suitable for each patient, indication…
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INTRODUCTIONThe earliest work on skin was devoted predominantly to the discreet cellular compartments of skin: the epidermis, dermis, and underlying subcutis. There has been an emerging appreciation for the materials…
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INTRODUCTIONLaser hair removal is the most frequently performed laser procedure worldwide.1 The extended theory of selective photothermolysis explains the mechanism of laser hair removal as the laser heats the hair…
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INTRODUCTIONRadiesse® (calcium hydroxylapatite, CaHA; Merz North America, Inc., Raleigh, NC, USA) is a highly effective filler for facial soft-tissue augmentation and is associated with a high and well-established safety profile.1…
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INTRODUCTIONRosacea is a chronic skin disease with prevalence varying from < 1% to > 20%, and it is most commonly reported in people with fair skin.1-5 Recent studies have re-estimated…
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INTRODUCTIONAtopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disorder with a potentially large burden on quality of life. Pruritus is one of the most frustrating symptoms of AD, leading…
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INTRODUCTIONKeloids are fibrous growths that occur as a result of abnormal response to dermal injury, typically affecting individuals in their second and third decades of life.1 Clinically, keloids present as…
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