INTRODUCTIONIn this article, the basic components of the SC and how it’s structure and function serve to regulate moisture homeostasis of the skin will be reviewed. The various exogenous and…

As laser specialists in dermatology, we have been at the forefront of device development for cutaneous applications. Recently, our progress and discoveries have been applied to the development of technologies…

INTRODUCTIONLaxity of the eyelid and periorbital region is a universal and early manifestation of aging which increases over time, often addressed by blepharoplasty and/or transfer of autologous fat to remove…

INTRODUCTIONThe request for an effective method, with little to no downtime, to treat laxity on the aging neck and face is still in demand by today’s aesthetic patient. Fractional laser…

INTRODUCTIONScars resulting from surgical procedures are of significant concern to patients and surgeons due to potential physical complications, and can be the cause of anxiety and psychological distress in affected…

INTRODUCTIONSince its introduction in the 1990s, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a staple for the treatment of cutaneous pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions, as well as photorejuvenation. The application of topical…

INTRODUCTIONExcessive hair growth and the growth of hair in anatomic areas that are not cosmetically desirable is a common aesthetic problem. Photo-epilation is a preferred mode for hair removal compared…

INTRODUCTIONWrinkles and fine lines develop following structural epidermal and predominately dermal skin changes. This involves an evolution on the ultrastructural level, upon which collagen I production is downregulated, disorganized, and/or…

INTRODUCTIONSkin care products make up the largest part (36%) of the cosmetic market globally, of which the United States plays the largest role.1 In 2015, approximately 115 billion USD was…

INTRODUCTIONPicosecond devices were commercially introduced a number of years ago to better treat tattoos and pigmented lesions. The picosecond Alexandrite laser effectively treats most tattoos. Difficult to treat green ink…

INTRODUCTIONPhotoepilation is one of the top five non-invasive medaesthetic procedures performed in the United States, with over 800,000 procedures performed in 2014 alone.1 The technique has become an attractive long-term…

INTRODUCTIONAcne vulgaris is a very common condition affecting billions worldwide.1-3 Post acne scars are common sequelae of acne.4 Inflammation is a major factor in their development,5 influenced by acne inflammation…