INTRODUCTIONUnited States-based dermatologists adapted to the COVID-19 public health emergency in part by integrating teledermatology into their practices.1,2 Pre-COVID-19, asynchronous or store-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology was a relatively cost-effective tool providing…
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INTRODUCTIONMelasma is an acquired, pigmentary disorder characterized by the appearance of light brown to dark macules on sun-exposed areas of the body, most commonly occurring on the face. It can…
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INTRODUCTIONChronic venous insufficiency (CVI) comprises structural and functional pathology of the venous system. CVIs' pathophysiology most commonly results from lower extremity valvular reflux and/or venous obstruction, which induces sustained elevated…
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INTRODUCTIONDyschromia is often the result of an external or internal insult to the skin.1 It is a concern for many patients, especially persons of color.2,3 In black patients, dyschromia is…
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INTRODUCTIONPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the proliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes and massive infiltration of inflammatory immune cells. Discovery of the pathogenic role of cytokines…
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INTRODUCTIONTopical onychomycosis therapies require extended treatment durations, and incomplete treatment can contribute to high relapse rates.1 Excellent treatment adherence is vital to optimize outcomes2 and requires that an adequate quantity…
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INTRODUCTIONImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have altered the landscape for treating advanced malignant tumors. ICIs are monoclonal antibodies that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associate antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1…
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INTRODUCTIONThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor regulating gene expression in various cells, including immune and epithelial cells.1 AhR is expressed ubiquitously throughout the body, has roles…
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INTRODUCTIONParadoxical reactions refer to unexpected adverse events that occur during or after treatment with a medication that is contradictory to the medication's intention. In dermatology, these reactions have been observed…
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INTRODUCTIONThe use and implementation of PD-1 inhibitors are revolutionizing cancer treatment. This is evident in the treatment of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Metastatic MCC…
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INTRODUCTIONSteroid-induced rosacea (SIR), also known as perioral dermatitis, is a withdrawal phenomenon that can occur following prolonged use of topical steroids on the face, especially with higher potency corticosteroids. This…
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INTRODUCTIONMost physiological processes in the body are regulated by the interaction of specific amino acid sequences, functioning either as peptides or fragments of proteins. Peptides are compounds containing two or…
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