INTRODUCTIONThe amount and type of melanin pigments, which are polymers produced inside the melanosomes, determine skin color.1,2 While there is tremendous diversity worldwide in the color of human skin, uniform…

INTRODUCTION Melanin is an inert polymer pigment produced by the melanosomes, and it determines the color and gradation of skin.1,2 Skin tone and the uniformity or evenness of skin color…

INTRODUCTION As humans age, irregular areas of facial hyperpigmentation, resulting from a combination of intrinsic aging and long-term exposure to ultraviolet light, become more common.1,2 While there is great variation…

INTRODUCTION A combination of treatments targeting various points in the sequence of pigment formation is becoming a more common option for hyperpigmentation therapy. Indeed, treatment success is often facilitated by…

Hyperpigmentation, presenting as dark spots or patches, results from excess melanin in the skin and can be caused by hormonal or endocrinal disorders such as melasma or by long-term sun…

INTRODUCTION In 2010, approximately 30% of all cosmetic procedures were performed on non-Caucasian ethnicities in the United States.1 With almost a million laser hair procedures performed annually, the need for…

The meetings of the American Academy of Dermatology, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, and other leading national conferences now include numerous lectures providing practical approaches to common disorders in skin…

INTRODUCTION Of the estimated 79% of US adults who use the Internet, 80% use the Internet to search for health information.1 Given the greater prevalence of Internet use among younger…

BACKGROUND Keloids are the overgrowth of dense fibrous tissue that develops after healing of a skin injury. In 1806, Alibert used the term cheloide, derived from the Greek chele, or…

INTRODUCTION Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) is an inflammatory condition of the face, or other shaven areas of the body, with a clinical presentation of papules in the beard area with occasional…

INTRODUCTIONHair MorphologyHuman hair has been classified into 3 major groups, as determined by ethnic origin. These include Caucasian, Asian, and African hair. Apart from reported differences in the distribution of…