INTRODUCTION
Melasma is an acquired pigmentary condition primarily affecting sun-exposed skin. The pathogenesis of melasma remains unknown, encompassing genetic factors, sun exposure, hormonal contraceptives, photosensitizing drugs, skin inflammation, and stress.1
Current treatments focus on eliminating potential causative factors and diligently using sunscreen.2 Other methods include topical hypo-pigmenting agents, chemical peels, laser therapy, oral TXA, and administration of vitamins C and E. Intravenous injection of vitamin C or glutathione is also practiced in some countries.3 Additionally, selected phenolic compounds exhibit protective effects against UV-related skin damage.
In previous research, cysteamine and TXA creams have proven effective for melasma. However, those studies either utilized cysteamine or TXA creams. We used a novel cysteamine and TXA formula in a cream, utilizing a nano-encapsulation system. We used mMASI, a 9-item Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire
The appearance of melasma can significantly impact self-esteem and social life. Melasma is more prevalent among East Asian, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean-African populations and intertropical regions in the Americas, predominantly in female gender.
Current treatments focus on eliminating potential causative factors and diligently using sunscreen.2 Other methods include topical hypo-pigmenting agents, chemical peels, laser therapy, oral TXA, and administration of vitamins C and E. Intravenous injection of vitamin C or glutathione is also practiced in some countries.3 Additionally, selected phenolic compounds exhibit protective effects against UV-related skin damage.
Cysteamine hydrochloride (beta-mercaptoethylamine hydro-chloride), a potent depigmenting molecule, is the simplest stable aminothiol, naturally produced in the human body as an L-cysteine degradation product. Cysteamine is a well-tolerated, non-carcinogenic compound. However, undesirable properties of cysteamine, such as unpleasant odor, chemical instability, hygroscopicity, and poor pharmacokinetic profile, limit its use.4,5
TXA, a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine, is a well-established antifibrinolytic agent. In addition, recent studies have revealed that TXA may also possess depigmenting properties, making it a potential candidate for treating melasma.6,7,11
In previous research, cysteamine and TXA creams have proven effective for melasma. However, those studies either utilized cysteamine or TXA creams. We used a novel cysteamine and TXA formula in a cream, utilizing a nano-encapsulation system. We used mMASI, a 9-item Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire
