Complications of Soft Tissue Augmentation

The wide variety of dermal fi llers presently available has revolutionized treatment options for patients seeking a refreshed appear- ance. Soft tissue fi llers include both bovine and human collagens, the hyaluronans, calcium hydroxyapatite, poly-L-lactic acid, and synthetic polymers. However, soft tissue augmentation is never risk-free, and as these procedures have increased in prevalence, complications have been more frequently reported. This article describes a range of complications resulting from dermal fi ller injec- tions, reviews key case studies, and discusses possible treatment options for adverse effects. While biodegradable fi llers offer the least risk for the patient, location, allergic reactions, granulomas, necrosis, and infection are all serious complications that must be considered before performing soft tissue augmentation with any approved dermal fi ller.