INTRODUCTIONAcne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis affecting sebaceous follicles in the skin. Four key pathogenic factors have been identified: (1) an alteration in the…

INTRODUCTIONThe prevalence of female hair loss and thinning increases with advancing age and is most common among post-menopausal women. Indeed, significant androgenetic hair loss occurs in perimenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal…

INTRODUCTIONChildren with lesions on the face and other visible sites are subject to bullying and may have a poor quality of life.1 308-nm laser is used to enhance vitiliginous lesion…

INTRODUCTIONIt is estimated that more than half of all individuals with acne have truncal involvement. Truncal acne is thought to have the same pathophysiology as facial acne. However, a recent…

INTRODUCTIONMany patients avoid retinoic acid due to skin irritation after application, thus reducing perceived efficacy. Retinol is a less irritating topical that carries many of the same benefits as retinoic…