INTRODUCTIONGranulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare, poorly characterized inflammatory disease with a broad differential diagnosis that includes both benign and malignant conditions such as infectious mastitis, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory breast…
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INTRODUCTIONPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects 2% to 3% of the world’s population and can be challenging to treat.1,2 For patients with more extensive disease, difficult-to-treat areas (such…
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INTRODUCTIONHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory condition that causes painful and disfiguring nodules and abscesses, ultimately resulting in chronic sinus tracts and scar formation. HS is a disease with immense…
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INTRODUCTIONFacial hyperpigmentation is a common cosmetic concern that is especially prevalent in individuals with skin of color, defined as the darker and more pigmented skin seen in certain ethnic groups…
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INTRODUCTIONOnychomycoses occur worldwide and are complex infections to treat. Historically, prescribed treatments have been mainly oral antifungals, with mixed success. Diagnosis has been problematic, as the standard culture methods have…
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INTRODUCTIONMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine skin tumor that typically presents in elderly white males with an extensive history of sun exposure.1 MCC favors the head or…
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INTRODUCTIONSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents the second most common skin cancer in Europe.1,2 This may arise from precancerous lesions such as actinic keratosis (AK), actinic cheilitis, oral leukoplakia, and chronic…
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INTRODUCTIONPost-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a pigmentary disorder in which the skin develops reactive hyper melanosis due to different exogenous and endogenous factors.1 PIH is induced by an excess of melanin…
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INTRODUCTIONIn addition to providing temporary soft tissue augmentation, non-invasive treatment of volume loss is one of the most common aesthetic treatments performed worldwide. Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are the treatment…
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INTRODUCTIONAtrusted and well-known topical treatment of plaque psoriasis is the fixed-dose combination of calcipotriene (CAL; Vitamin D analogue) and betamethasone dipropionate (BDP; corticosteroid). There is a solid scientific rationale for…
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INTRODUCTIONHidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic disease that causes inflammatory lesions typically found in the axillary, inguinal, and perineal regions that can result in permanent scarring, fibrosis, and sinus tract…
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INTRODUCTIONLeprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by mycobacterium leprae (M. Leprae) with a specific predilection to cutaneous and neural tissue. Immunologic and inflammatory changes result in a wide range…
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