INTRODUCTIONAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) has an estimated global prevalence of up to 80% in men and 42% in women that results from the effect of dihydrotestosterone miniaturizing scalp follicles.1,2 The diagnosis…
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INTRODUCTIONLight from across the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum can cause detrimental cutaneous effects including photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Prevention strategies can help reduce malignancy risk and clinical manifestations of photoaging such as…
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INTRODUCTIONPsoriasis vulgaris is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by an upregulation of key cytokines involved in immunopathogenesis.1 Notably, interleukin (IL)-17 is one of several pro-inflammatory cytokines found in…
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INTRODUCTIONSurgical treatment, with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) or standard surgical excision, is the standard of care for nonmelanoma skin cancers and primary cutaneous melanomas.1-3 The surgical defects created by tumor…
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INTRODUCTIONAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatologic condition, affecting upwards of 20% of children worldwide.1 Although AD typically responds quickly to treatment, nonadherence is a common barrier to treatment…
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INTRODUCTIONPsoriasis is a common multisystem chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 3.2% of the population. The most prominent manifestation of psoriasis is skin involvement with erythematous plaques, but often systemic…
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INTRODUCTIONNon-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Canada with incidence rates continuing to rise.1-3 Basal cell carcinoma is the most common of these skin cancers, with…
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INTRODUCTIONAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicle. The main factors of acne pathophysiology are hyperkeratinization of the pilosebaceous infundibulum, leading to the formation of comedones, increased…
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INTRODUCTIONDysregulation of Janus kinase (JAK) pathways from uncontrolled cytokine signaling comprises the pathological basis for many complex inflammatory disorders.1 Since JAK-family receptors are activated by numerous ligands, including several interleukins…
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INTRODUCTIONKeloids and hypertrophic scars negatively impact millions of people in the world each year. In addition to cosmesis, functional impact and symptomatic complaints (pruritus and pain) contribute to poor quality…
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INTRODUCTIONCalcific arteriolopathy (CA), also known as calciphylaxis, is a systemic vascular disorder characterized by calcium deposits in the arteriolar tunica media, tunica intima hyperplasia, and endovascular fibrosis, leading to ischemic…
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INTRODUCTIONAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronicrecurrent disorder associated with pruritus and genetic predisposition diagnosed at a mean age of 1.6 years.1,2 The first AD flares frequently occur in infancy…
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