INTRODUCTION Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a precancerous malformation, usually of the lower lip. The condition is especially common among fair-skinned men frequently exposed to the UV radiation of sunlight.1 Early…

INTRODUCTIONDifferent laser and light-based systems have been described for skin photorejuvenation, including ablative and nonablative therapies.1-3 Nonablative photorejuvenation has been classified into two types: Type 1 is for treatment of…

INTRODUCTION Unwanted hair growth remains a therapeutic challenge and there is a need for an effective, safe, and non-invasive treatment modality capable of removing hairs on a long-term basis. Excess…

INTRODUCTIONMelasma is a common and disabling acquired hypermelanosis, most commonly affecting women, which presents as irregular brown-grey macules of the face. Aetiological factors include genetic predisposition, ultraviolet light exposure, and…

INTRODUCTIONChronic sun damage results in most of the changes we associate with an aged appearance.1-4 This can easily be shown by comparing sun-protected to sun-damaged skin in the same individual.…

INTRODUCTIONThe advantages of the Mohs technique are well documented; it allows for complete micrographic margin control,the pathology is interpreted by the surgeon himself, and thus it is more accurate and…

INTRODUCTION Numerous techniques exist for injecting facial fillers. The specific technique used depends on a number of variables, including the type of filler, the anatomic location for the filler, and…

INTRODUCTION Tinea pedis, the proverbial "athlete's foot," is the most common superficial fungal infection, estimated to be present at any one time in 15-20 percent of the US and European…

INTRODUCTION Recent population-based studies have suggested that patients with psoriasis are at higher risk for development of systemic malignancies.1 In addition, other than oral retinoids, all systemic therapy used to…

INTRODUCTION Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are located on antigen presenting cells of the innate immune system such as macrophages and dendritic cells.1 TLRs are links between the innate immune response and…

INTRODUCTIONAndrogenetic alopecia is a widespread cosmetic and medical disorder for which there exist few treatment options. The current therapeutic strategies including surgical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic interventions are limited in approach…

INTRODUCTIONDrug-induced cutaneous pigmentation has been described resulting from a number of medications, but most commonly from minocycline and amiodarone. 1-28 Affected skin typically develops a slate-gray pigmentation. Histopathologic evaluation of…