INTRODUCTION
Increased patient demand for minimally invasive effective skin rejuvenation treatments that have no downtime, along with innovation in the realm of energy-based devices has led to the development of a plethora of technologies that can decrease photodamage and wrinkles, and improve skin quality. By harnessing ultrasound, laser/light, or radiofrequency energy and targeting the epidermal and dermal skin layers, these devices mediate epidermal turnover, dermal remodeling, and collagen/elastin production.
Radiofrequency devices for skin rejuvenation are notably popular, as they can have clinical effects in all skin types, as they operate in a chromophore-independent manner. While one of the first generation of radiofrequency devices was used mainly for skin tightening, there are now several iterations of radiofrequency devices depending on their electrode configuration (monopolar, bipolar, multipolar, multi-generator), something that has also expanded their applications. The latest generation of radiofrequency devices is the nano-fractional radiofrequency device (Venus Vivaâ„¢, Venus Concept, Toronto, Canada). This technology offers precise depth penetration and consistent selection dermal heating as well as controlled coagulation and ablation ability in comparison to other radiofrequency devices. The energy is delivered through 160
Radiofrequency devices for skin rejuvenation are notably popular, as they can have clinical effects in all skin types, as they operate in a chromophore-independent manner. While one of the first generation of radiofrequency devices was used mainly for skin tightening, there are now several iterations of radiofrequency devices depending on their electrode configuration (monopolar, bipolar, multipolar, multi-generator), something that has also expanded their applications. The latest generation of radiofrequency devices is the nano-fractional radiofrequency device (Venus Vivaâ„¢, Venus Concept, Toronto, Canada). This technology offers precise depth penetration and consistent selection dermal heating as well as controlled coagulation and ablation ability in comparison to other radiofrequency devices. The energy is delivered through 160