INTRODUCTIONDyspigmentation and photodamage are common concerns in patients who seek aesthetic dermatologic consultation. Intrinsic aging and cumulative sun exposure, along with other extrinsic factors such as pollution and smoking, lead…

INTRODUCTIONFacial aging is associated with gravitational redistribution of facial soft tissue. To date, rejuvenation has been achieved by repositioning soft tissue via invasive surgery. A more recent approach is thread…

INTRODUCTIONTopical medications for acne and other dermatological conditions are designed to penetrate skin layers and reach their target sites in a biologically active form at sufficient concentrations to elicit clinical…

INTRODUCTIONVolume loss resulting in descent of midfacial soft tissues is a main factor for facial age-related changes. Dermal fillers are frequently used to address such losses by replenishing midface volume.1,2…

INTRODUCTION AND PRIOR TREATMENTOnychomycosis—a fungal infection of the nail bed or plate caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte molds, or yeasts—affects up to 14% of individuals in North America.1,2 It is undertreated3…

INTRODUCTIONSculptra Aesthetic is a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)-containing collagen biostimulator, indicated for correction of shallow to deep nasolabial fold contour deficiencies and other facial wrinkles in which deep dermal grid pattern…

INTRODUCTIONBotulinum toxin type A treatment remains a cornerstone of facial aesthetic treatments.1,2 AbobotulinumtoxinA (ABO) has demonstrated efficacy, safety and subject satisfaction in the treatment of facial lines in randomized trials…

INTRODUCTIONIn the years since injectable lipolytic agent Deoxycholic acid (DCA) was FDA-approved for reduction of submental fat, its off-label use on the body, eg, bra-line lipolysis, treatment of lipomatous tumors,…

INTRODUCTIONKeloid and hypertrophic scars are fibroproliferative disorders resulting from abnormal wound healing in genetically susceptible individuals. They are characterized by chronic local inflammation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components,…

INTRODUCTIONAbobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A; Dysport®, Ipsen Ltd, Slough, UK) is approved in the US for treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines (GL) using a total dose of 50 Speywood units (50…

INTRODUCTIONThe eyebrow region is among the first cosmetic structures visible on the face and is important for facial expression and emotion. Structurally, the eyebrow represents a complex and dynamic area…

INTRODUCTIONNon-surgical cosmetic treatments with short or no downtime remain popular, particularly those with the hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers. According to surveys of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery…