with pimecrolimus cream 1% in the management of paediatric atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22:1290-1301.
38. Gollnick H, Kaufmann R, Stough D, et al; Pimecrolimus Cream 1% in (adult) Eczema: Prevention of Progression Multicentre Investigator Study Group. Pimecrolimus cream 1% in the long-term management of adult atopic dermatitis: prevention of flare progression. A randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158:1083-1093.
39. Kapp A, Papp K, Bingham A, et al. Long-term management of atopic dermatitis in infants with topical pimecrolimus, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110:277-284.
40. Schneider L, Hanifin J, Boguniewicz M, et al. Study of the Atopic March: development of atopic comorbidities. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016;33:388-398.
41. Tripodi S, Di Rienzo Businco A, Panetta V, et al. Lack of efficacy of topical furfuryl palmitate in pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized double-blind study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009;19:204-209.
42. Charman C, Chambers C, Williams H. Measuring atopic dermatitis severity in randomized controlled clinical trials: what exactly are we measuring? J Invest Dermatol. 2003;120:932-941.
43. Rehal B, Armstrong AW. Health outcome measures in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review of trends in disease severity and quality-of-life instruments 1985-2010. PLoS One. 2011;6:e17520.
44. Chapman MS, Schachner LA, Breneman D, et al; US Tacrolimus Ointment Study Group. Tacrolimus ointment 0.03% shows efficacy and safety in pediatric and adult patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:S177-185.
45. Draelos ZD. Differences in cutaneous irritation of five commonly used topical products. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15:870-873.
46. Yosipovitch G, Simpson EL, Bushmakin AG, et al. Assessment of pruritus in atopic dermatitis: validation of the Severity of Pruritus Scale (SPS). Itch. 2018;3:e13.
47. Yosipovitch G, Simpson EL, Tan H, et al. Effect of crisaborole topical ointment, 2%, on atopic dermatitis-associated pruritus: an extended analysis of 2 phase 3 clinical trials. Itch. 2018;3:e12.
48. Meurer M, Fartasch M, Albrecht G, et al; CASM-DE-01 Study Group. Longterm efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream 1% in adults with moderate atopic dermatitis. Dermatology. 2004;208:365-372.
49. Eichenfield LF, Call RS, Forsha DW, et al. Long-term safety of crisaborole ointment 2% in children and adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77:641-649.e645.
50. Callen J, Chamlin S, Eichenfield LF, et al. A systematic review of the safety of topical therapies for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156:203-221.
51. Hajar T, Leshem YA, Hanifin JM, et al; Force tNEAT. A systematic review of topical corticosteroid withdrawal ("steroid addiction") in patients with atopic dermatitis and other dermatoses. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72:541-549. e542.
52. Ghosh A, Sengupta S, Coondoo A, et al. Topical corticosteroid addiction and phobia. Indian J Dermatol. 2014;59:465-468.
53. Aubert-Wastiaux H, Moret L, Le Rhun A, et al. Topical corticosteroid phobia in atopic dermatitis: a study of its nature, origins and frequency. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:808-814.
54. Muller SM, Tomaschett D, Euler S, et al. Topical corticosteroid concerns in dermatological outpatients: a cross-sectional and interventional study. Dermatology. 2016;232:444-452.
55. Li AW, Yin ES, Antaya RJ. Topical corticosteroid phobia in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153:1036-1042.
56. Siegfried EC, Jaworski JC, Hebert AA. Topical calcineurin inhibitors and lymphoma risk: evidence update with implications for daily practice. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013;14:163-178.
57. Siegfried EC, Jaworski JC, Kaiser JD, et al. Systematic review of published trials: long-term safety of topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16:75.
58. Arellano FM, Arana A, Wentworth CE, et al. Lymphoma among patients with atopic dermatitis and/or treated with topical immunosuppressants in the United Kingdom. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123:1111-1116.e1113.
59. Margolis DJ, Abuabara K, Hoffstad OJ, et al. Association between malignancy and topical use of pimecrolimus. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151:594-599.
60. Luger T, Boguniewicz M, Carr W, et al. Pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: consensus on safety and the need to allow use in infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015;26:306-315.
61. Sigurgeirsson B, Boznanski A, Todd G, et al. Safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: a 5-year randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2015;135:597- 606.
62. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, et al. CONSORT 2010 changes and testing blindness in RCTs. Lancet. 2010;375:1144-1146.
63. ICMJE. Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals. http://www.icmje.org/. Accessed December 12, 2018.
38. Gollnick H, Kaufmann R, Stough D, et al; Pimecrolimus Cream 1% in (adult) Eczema: Prevention of Progression Multicentre Investigator Study Group. Pimecrolimus cream 1% in the long-term management of adult atopic dermatitis: prevention of flare progression. A randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158:1083-1093.
39. Kapp A, Papp K, Bingham A, et al. Long-term management of atopic dermatitis in infants with topical pimecrolimus, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110:277-284.
40. Schneider L, Hanifin J, Boguniewicz M, et al. Study of the Atopic March: development of atopic comorbidities. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016;33:388-398.
41. Tripodi S, Di Rienzo Businco A, Panetta V, et al. Lack of efficacy of topical furfuryl palmitate in pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized double-blind study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009;19:204-209.
42. Charman C, Chambers C, Williams H. Measuring atopic dermatitis severity in randomized controlled clinical trials: what exactly are we measuring? J Invest Dermatol. 2003;120:932-941.
43. Rehal B, Armstrong AW. Health outcome measures in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review of trends in disease severity and quality-of-life instruments 1985-2010. PLoS One. 2011;6:e17520.
44. Chapman MS, Schachner LA, Breneman D, et al; US Tacrolimus Ointment Study Group. Tacrolimus ointment 0.03% shows efficacy and safety in pediatric and adult patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:S177-185.
45. Draelos ZD. Differences in cutaneous irritation of five commonly used topical products. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15:870-873.
46. Yosipovitch G, Simpson EL, Bushmakin AG, et al. Assessment of pruritus in atopic dermatitis: validation of the Severity of Pruritus Scale (SPS). Itch. 2018;3:e13.
47. Yosipovitch G, Simpson EL, Tan H, et al. Effect of crisaborole topical ointment, 2%, on atopic dermatitis-associated pruritus: an extended analysis of 2 phase 3 clinical trials. Itch. 2018;3:e12.
48. Meurer M, Fartasch M, Albrecht G, et al; CASM-DE-01 Study Group. Longterm efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream 1% in adults with moderate atopic dermatitis. Dermatology. 2004;208:365-372.
49. Eichenfield LF, Call RS, Forsha DW, et al. Long-term safety of crisaborole ointment 2% in children and adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77:641-649.e645.
50. Callen J, Chamlin S, Eichenfield LF, et al. A systematic review of the safety of topical therapies for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156:203-221.
51. Hajar T, Leshem YA, Hanifin JM, et al; Force tNEAT. A systematic review of topical corticosteroid withdrawal ("steroid addiction") in patients with atopic dermatitis and other dermatoses. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72:541-549. e542.
52. Ghosh A, Sengupta S, Coondoo A, et al. Topical corticosteroid addiction and phobia. Indian J Dermatol. 2014;59:465-468.
53. Aubert-Wastiaux H, Moret L, Le Rhun A, et al. Topical corticosteroid phobia in atopic dermatitis: a study of its nature, origins and frequency. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:808-814.
54. Muller SM, Tomaschett D, Euler S, et al. Topical corticosteroid concerns in dermatological outpatients: a cross-sectional and interventional study. Dermatology. 2016;232:444-452.
55. Li AW, Yin ES, Antaya RJ. Topical corticosteroid phobia in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153:1036-1042.
56. Siegfried EC, Jaworski JC, Hebert AA. Topical calcineurin inhibitors and lymphoma risk: evidence update with implications for daily practice. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013;14:163-178.
57. Siegfried EC, Jaworski JC, Kaiser JD, et al. Systematic review of published trials: long-term safety of topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16:75.
58. Arellano FM, Arana A, Wentworth CE, et al. Lymphoma among patients with atopic dermatitis and/or treated with topical immunosuppressants in the United Kingdom. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123:1111-1116.e1113.
59. Margolis DJ, Abuabara K, Hoffstad OJ, et al. Association between malignancy and topical use of pimecrolimus. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151:594-599.
60. Luger T, Boguniewicz M, Carr W, et al. Pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: consensus on safety and the need to allow use in infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015;26:306-315.
61. Sigurgeirsson B, Boznanski A, Todd G, et al. Safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus in atopic dermatitis: a 5-year randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2015;135:597- 606.
62. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, et al. CONSORT 2010 changes and testing blindness in RCTs. Lancet. 2010;375:1144-1146.
63. ICMJE. Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals. http://www.icmje.org/. Accessed December 12, 2018.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Lawrence F. Eichenfield MD leichenfield@rchsd.org
