11. Bonati LM, Fabi SG. Treating the young aesthetic patient: evidence-based recommendations. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(6 Suppl):S81-3.
12. Narurkar V, Shamban A, Sissins P, et Stonehouse A, Gallagher C. Facial treatment preferences in aesthetically aware women. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(Suppl 1):S153-60.
13. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2018 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. Available from: www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/ Statistics/2018/plastic- surgery-statistics-full-report-2018.pdf. Accessed December 27, 2019.
14. Sundaram H, Liew S, Signorini M, et al. Global aesthetics consensus: hyaluronic acid fillers and botulinum toxin type a-recommendations for combined treatment and optimizing outcomes in diverse patient populations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;137(5):1410-23.
15. Dover JS, Monheit G, Greener M, Pickett A. Botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine: myths and realities. Dermatol Surg. 2018;44(2):249-60.
16. de Almeida AR, da Costa Marques ER, Banegas R, Kadunc BV. Glabellar contraction patterns: a tool to optimize botulinum toxin treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38(9):1506-15.
17. Lupo MP. Tox outside the box: off-label aesthetic uses of botulinum toxin. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(9):1151-7.
18. Scaglione F. Conversion ratio between Botox®, Dysport®, and Xeomin® in clinical practice. Toxins (Basel). 2016;8(3).
19. Wilson AJ, Chang B, Taglienti AJ, et al. A quantitative analysis of onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, and incobotulinumtoxinA: a randomized, double-blind, prospective clinical trial of comparative dynamic strain reduction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;137(5):1424-33.
20. Jeuveau [highlights of prescribing information] Santa Barbara, CA: Evolus; 2/2019.
21. Botox Cosmetic [highlights of prescribing information] Irvine, CA: Allergan, Inc.; 10/2017.
22. Xeomin [highlights of prescribing Information] Raleigh, NC: Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC; 7/2018.
23. Dysport [highlights of prescribing information] Fort Worth, TX: Galderma Laboratories, L.P.; 1/2019.
24. Samizadeh S, De Boulle K. Botulinum neurotoxin formulations: overcoming the confusion. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2018;11:273-87.
25. Brin MF, James C, Maltman J. Botulinum toxin type A products are not interchangeable: a review of the evidence. Biologics. 2014;8:227-41.
26. Lorenc ZP, Kenkel JM, Fagien S, et al. Consensus panel’s assessment and recommendations on the use of 3 botulinum toxin type A products in facial aesthetics. Aesthet Surg J. 2013;33(1 Suppl):35S-40S.
27. Maas C, Kane AC, Bucay VW, et al. Current aesthetic use of abobotulinumtoxinA in clinical practice: an evidence-based consensus review. Aesthet Surg J. 2012;32(1 Suppl):8S-29S.
28. Wollina U, Konrad H. Managing adverse events associated with botulinum toxin type A: a focus on cosmetic procedures. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(3):141-50.
29. Gart MS, Gutowski KA. Aesthetic uses of neuromodulators: current uses and future directions. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(5 Suppl):62S-71S.
30. Beer KR, Shamban AT, Avelar RI, Gross JE, Jonker A. Efficacy and safety of prabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of glabellar lines in adult subjects: results from 2 identical phase III studies. Dermatol Surg. 2019;45(11):1381-93.
31. Wieder JM, Moy RL. Understanding botulinum toxin. Surgical anatomy of the frown, forehead, and periocular region. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24(11):1172-4.
32. Shamban A. Customized approach to facial enhancement. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2015;23(4):471-7.
33. Carruthers A, Carruthers J. Cosmetic uses of botulinum A exotoxin. Adv Dermatol. 1997;12:325-47.
34. Kane MA, Cox SE, Jones D, Lei X, Gallagher CJ. Heterogeneity of crow’s feet lines patterns in clinical trial subjects. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(4):447-56.
35. Carruthers A, Bruce S, de Coninck A, Connolly S, et al. Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of crow’s feet lines: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40:1181-90.
36. Moers-Carpi M, Carruthers J, Fagien S, Lupo M, et al. Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for treating crow’s feet lines alone or in combination with glabellar lines: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41:102-12.
37. Dressler D, Saberi FA, Barbosa ER. Botulinum toxin: mechanism of action. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2005;63(1):180-5.
38. Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Monheit GD, Davis PG, Tardie G. Multicenter, randomized, parallel-group study of the safety and effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA and hyaluronic acid dermal fillers (24-mg/mL smooth, cohesive gel) alone and in combination for lower facial rejuvenation. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(Suppl 4):2121-34.
39. Kane M, Donofrio L, Ascher B, et al. Expanding the use of neurotoxins in facial aesthetics: a consensus panel’s assessment and recommendations. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(1 Suppl):S7-S22.
40. Benedetto AV. What’s new in cosmetic dermatology. Dermatol Clin. 2019;37(1):117-28.
41. Matarasso A, Matarasso SL, Brandt FS, Bellman B. Botulinum A exotoxin for the management of platysma bands. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103(2):645-52.
42. Carruthers JD, Glogau RG, Blitzer A, Facial Aesthetics Consensus Group Faculty. Advances in facial rejuvenation: botulinum toxin type a, hyaluronic acid dermal fillers, and combination therapies–consensus recommendations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(5 Suppl):5S–30S.
43. Carruthers JD, Fagien S, Joseph JH, et al. DaxibotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of glabellar lines: results from each of two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2). Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;145(1):45-58.
44. Bertucci V, Solish N, Kaufman-Janette J, et al. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection has a prolonged duration of response in the treatment of glabellar lines: Pooled data from two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2). J Am Acad Dermatol. [Epub ahead of print]. 2019 Nov 15.
45. Jankovic J, Truong D, Patel AT, et al. Injectable daxibotulinumtoxinA in cervical dystonia: a phase 2 dose escalation multicenter study. Mov Discord Clin Pract. 2018;5(3):273-82.
46. Yoelin SG, Dhawan SS, Vitarella D, Ahmad W, Hasan F, Abushakra S. Safety and efficacy of EB-001, a novel type E botulinum toxin, in subjects with glabellar frown lines: results of a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;142(6):847e-55e.
47. NCT02939326. Evaluate safety and efficacy of a single treatment cycle of EB-001 in subjects with glabellar frown lines. Last updated February 15, 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02939326. Accessed December 27, 2019.
48. NCT03346902. Study of EB-001 in facial scar reduction. Last updated January 8, 2019. Accessed November 22, 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT03346902. Accessed December 27, 2019.
49. NCT03193593. Study to evaluate EB-001 in reducing musculoskeletal pain. Last updated January 25, 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT03193593. Accessed December 27, 2019.
50. NCT03429556. Study to evaluate botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (EB- 001) in reducing musculoskeletal pain in abdominoplasty. Last updated February 15, 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/ NCT03429556. Accessed December 27, 2019.
12. Narurkar V, Shamban A, Sissins P, et Stonehouse A, Gallagher C. Facial treatment preferences in aesthetically aware women. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(Suppl 1):S153-60.
13. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2018 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. Available from: www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/ Statistics/2018/plastic- surgery-statistics-full-report-2018.pdf. Accessed December 27, 2019.
14. Sundaram H, Liew S, Signorini M, et al. Global aesthetics consensus: hyaluronic acid fillers and botulinum toxin type a-recommendations for combined treatment and optimizing outcomes in diverse patient populations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;137(5):1410-23.
15. Dover JS, Monheit G, Greener M, Pickett A. Botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine: myths and realities. Dermatol Surg. 2018;44(2):249-60.
16. de Almeida AR, da Costa Marques ER, Banegas R, Kadunc BV. Glabellar contraction patterns: a tool to optimize botulinum toxin treatment. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38(9):1506-15.
17. Lupo MP. Tox outside the box: off-label aesthetic uses of botulinum toxin. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(9):1151-7.
18. Scaglione F. Conversion ratio between Botox®, Dysport®, and Xeomin® in clinical practice. Toxins (Basel). 2016;8(3).
19. Wilson AJ, Chang B, Taglienti AJ, et al. A quantitative analysis of onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, and incobotulinumtoxinA: a randomized, double-blind, prospective clinical trial of comparative dynamic strain reduction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;137(5):1424-33.
20. Jeuveau [highlights of prescribing information] Santa Barbara, CA: Evolus; 2/2019.
21. Botox Cosmetic [highlights of prescribing information] Irvine, CA: Allergan, Inc.; 10/2017.
22. Xeomin [highlights of prescribing Information] Raleigh, NC: Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC; 7/2018.
23. Dysport [highlights of prescribing information] Fort Worth, TX: Galderma Laboratories, L.P.; 1/2019.
24. Samizadeh S, De Boulle K. Botulinum neurotoxin formulations: overcoming the confusion. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2018;11:273-87.
25. Brin MF, James C, Maltman J. Botulinum toxin type A products are not interchangeable: a review of the evidence. Biologics. 2014;8:227-41.
26. Lorenc ZP, Kenkel JM, Fagien S, et al. Consensus panel’s assessment and recommendations on the use of 3 botulinum toxin type A products in facial aesthetics. Aesthet Surg J. 2013;33(1 Suppl):35S-40S.
27. Maas C, Kane AC, Bucay VW, et al. Current aesthetic use of abobotulinumtoxinA in clinical practice: an evidence-based consensus review. Aesthet Surg J. 2012;32(1 Suppl):8S-29S.
28. Wollina U, Konrad H. Managing adverse events associated with botulinum toxin type A: a focus on cosmetic procedures. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(3):141-50.
29. Gart MS, Gutowski KA. Aesthetic uses of neuromodulators: current uses and future directions. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(5 Suppl):62S-71S.
30. Beer KR, Shamban AT, Avelar RI, Gross JE, Jonker A. Efficacy and safety of prabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of glabellar lines in adult subjects: results from 2 identical phase III studies. Dermatol Surg. 2019;45(11):1381-93.
31. Wieder JM, Moy RL. Understanding botulinum toxin. Surgical anatomy of the frown, forehead, and periocular region. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24(11):1172-4.
32. Shamban A. Customized approach to facial enhancement. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2015;23(4):471-7.
33. Carruthers A, Carruthers J. Cosmetic uses of botulinum A exotoxin. Adv Dermatol. 1997;12:325-47.
34. Kane MA, Cox SE, Jones D, Lei X, Gallagher CJ. Heterogeneity of crow’s feet lines patterns in clinical trial subjects. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(4):447-56.
35. Carruthers A, Bruce S, de Coninck A, Connolly S, et al. Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of crow’s feet lines: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40:1181-90.
36. Moers-Carpi M, Carruthers J, Fagien S, Lupo M, et al. Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for treating crow’s feet lines alone or in combination with glabellar lines: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41:102-12.
37. Dressler D, Saberi FA, Barbosa ER. Botulinum toxin: mechanism of action. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2005;63(1):180-5.
38. Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Monheit GD, Davis PG, Tardie G. Multicenter, randomized, parallel-group study of the safety and effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA and hyaluronic acid dermal fillers (24-mg/mL smooth, cohesive gel) alone and in combination for lower facial rejuvenation. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(Suppl 4):2121-34.
39. Kane M, Donofrio L, Ascher B, et al. Expanding the use of neurotoxins in facial aesthetics: a consensus panel’s assessment and recommendations. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(1 Suppl):S7-S22.
40. Benedetto AV. What’s new in cosmetic dermatology. Dermatol Clin. 2019;37(1):117-28.
41. Matarasso A, Matarasso SL, Brandt FS, Bellman B. Botulinum A exotoxin for the management of platysma bands. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103(2):645-52.
42. Carruthers JD, Glogau RG, Blitzer A, Facial Aesthetics Consensus Group Faculty. Advances in facial rejuvenation: botulinum toxin type a, hyaluronic acid dermal fillers, and combination therapies–consensus recommendations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(5 Suppl):5S–30S.
43. Carruthers JD, Fagien S, Joseph JH, et al. DaxibotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of glabellar lines: results from each of two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2). Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;145(1):45-58.
44. Bertucci V, Solish N, Kaufman-Janette J, et al. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection has a prolonged duration of response in the treatment of glabellar lines: Pooled data from two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2). J Am Acad Dermatol. [Epub ahead of print]. 2019 Nov 15.
45. Jankovic J, Truong D, Patel AT, et al. Injectable daxibotulinumtoxinA in cervical dystonia: a phase 2 dose escalation multicenter study. Mov Discord Clin Pract. 2018;5(3):273-82.
46. Yoelin SG, Dhawan SS, Vitarella D, Ahmad W, Hasan F, Abushakra S. Safety and efficacy of EB-001, a novel type E botulinum toxin, in subjects with glabellar frown lines: results of a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;142(6):847e-55e.
47. NCT02939326. Evaluate safety and efficacy of a single treatment cycle of EB-001 in subjects with glabellar frown lines. Last updated February 15, 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02939326. Accessed December 27, 2019.
48. NCT03346902. Study of EB-001 in facial scar reduction. Last updated January 8, 2019. Accessed November 22, 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT03346902. Accessed December 27, 2019.
49. NCT03193593. Study to evaluate EB-001 in reducing musculoskeletal pain. Last updated January 25, 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT03193593. Accessed December 27, 2019.
50. NCT03429556. Study to evaluate botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (EB- 001) in reducing musculoskeletal pain in abdominoplasty. Last updated February 15, 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/ NCT03429556. Accessed December 27, 2019.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Michael S. Kaminer MD mkaminer@skincarephysicians.net
