13. Giunta A, Ventura A, Chimenti MS, Bianchi L, Esposito M. Spotlight on ixekizumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: design, development, and use in therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:1643-1651.
14. Gooderham M, Posso-De Los Rios CJ, Rubio-Gomez GA, Papp K. Interleukin- 17 (IL-17) inhibitors in the treatment of plaque psoriasis: a review. Skin Therapy Lett. 2015;20(1):1-5.
15. Kirkham BW, Kavanaugh A, Reich K. Interleukin-17A: a unique pathway in immune-mediated diseases: psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology. 2014;141(2):133-142.
16. Girolomoni G, Mrowietz U, Paul C. Psoriasis: rationale for targeting interleukin- 17. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(4):717-724.
17. Johnston A, Fritz Y, Dawes SM, et al. Keratinocyte overexpression of IL-17C promotes psoriasiform skin inflammation. J Immunol. 2013;190(5):2252- 2262.
18. Senra L, Mylonas A, Kavanagh RD, et al. IL-17E (IL-25) enhances innate immune responses during skin inflammation. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(8):1732-1742.e17.
19. Lowes MA, Russell CB, Martin DA, Towne JE, Krueger JG. The IL-23/T17 pathogenic axis in psoriasis is amplified by keratinocyte responses. Trends Immunol. 2013;34(4):174-181.
20. Johansen C, Usher PA, Kjellerup RB, Lundsgaard D, Iversen L, Kragballe K. Characterization of the interleukin-17 isoforms and receptors in lesional psoriatic skin. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(2):319-324.
21. Roman M, Chiu MW. Spotlight on brodalumab in the treatment of moderate- to-severe plaque psoriasis: design, development, and potential place in therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:2065-2075.
22. Kagami S, Rizzo HL, Lee JJ, Koguchi Y, Blauvelt A. Circulating Th17, Th22, and Th1 cells are increased in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130(5):1373- 1383.
23. Leonardi CL, Gordon KB. New and emerging therapies in psoriasis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2014;33(2 suppl 2):S37-41.
24. Chiricozzi A, Romanelli P, Volpe E, Borsellino G, Romanelli M. Scanning the Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(1).
25. Miossec P, Kolls JK. Targeting IL-17 and TH17 cells in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012;11(10):763-776.
26. Leonardi C, Matheson R, Zachariae C, et al. Anti-interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody ixekizumab in chronic plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(13):1190-1199.
27. Papp KA, Leonardi C, Menter A, et al. Brodalumab, an anti-interleukin-17-receptor antibody for psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(13):1181-1189.
28. Russell CB, Rand H, Bigler J, et al. Gene expression profiles normalized in psoriatic skin by treatment with brodalumab, a human anti-IL-17 receptor monoclonal antibody. J Immunol. 2014;192(8):3828-3836.
29. Langley RG, Elewski BE, Lebwohl M, et al. Secukinumab in plaque psoriasis- -results of two phase 3 trials. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(4):326-338.
30. Liu L, Lu J, Allan BW, et al. Generation and characterization of ixekizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that neutralizes interleukin-17A. J Inflamm Res. 2016;9:39-50.
31. Harding FA, Stickler MM, Razo J, DuBridge RB. The immunogenicity of humanized and fully human antibodies: residual immunogenicity resides in the CDR regions. MAbs. 2010;2(3):256-265.
32. Silberstein S, Lenz R, Xu C. Therapeutic Monoclonal antibodies: what headache specialists need to know. Headache. 2015;55(8):1171-1182.
33. Papp KA, Reid C, Foley P, et al. Anti-IL-17 receptor antibody AMG 827 leads to rapid clinical response in subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis: results from a phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(10):2466-2469.
34. Tomalin LE, Russell C, Garcet S, et al. IL-17 receptor A inhibition with brodalumab rapidly normalizes molecular and cellular phenotype of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis vulgaris. 27th European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Congress; September 16-18, 2018; Paris, France.
35. Hueber W, Patel DD, Dryja T, et al. Effects of AIN457, a fully human antibody to interleukin-17A, on psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and uveitis. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2(52):52ra72.
36. Krueger JG, Fretzin S, Suárez-Fariñas M, et al. IL-17A is essential for cell activation and inflammatory gene circuits in subjects with psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(1):145-154.e149.
37. Gordon KB, Blauvelt A, Papp KA, et al. Phase 3 trials of ixekizumab in moderate- to-severe plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):345-356.
38. Lebwohl M, Strober B, Menter A, et al. Phase 3 studies comparing brodalumab with ustekinumab in psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(14):1318- 1328.
39. Papp KA, Reich K, Paul C, et al. A prospective phase III, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of brodalumab in patients with moderate-tosevere plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2016;175(2):273-286.
40. Griffiths CE, Reich K, Lebwohl M, et al. Comparison of ixekizumab with etanercept or placebo in moderate-to-severe psoriasis (UNCOVER-2and UNCOVER-3): results from two phase 3 randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;386(9993):541-551.
41. Menter A, Tyring SK, Gordon K, et al. Adalimumab therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis: A randomized, controlled phase III trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(1):106-115.
42. Papp KA, Tyring S, Lahfa M, et al. A global phase III randomized controlled trial of etanercept in psoriasis: safety, efficacy, and effect of dose reduction. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152(6):1304-1312.
43. Reich K, Nestle FO, Papp K, et al. Infliximab induction and maintenance therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a phase III, multicentre, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9494):1367-1374.
44. Papp KA, Lebwohl MG. Onset of action of biologics in patients with moderate- to-severe psoriasis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;17(3):247-250.
45. Menter A, Strober BE, Kaplan DH, et al. Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):1029-1072.
46. Saunte DM, Mrowietz U, Puig L, Zachariae C. Candida infections in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treated with interleukin-17 inhibitors and their practical management. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(1):47-62.
47. Frieder J, Kivelevitch D, Fiore CT, Saad S, Menter A. The impact of biologic agents on health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with psoriasis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2018;14(1):1-19.
48. Hohenberger M, Cardwell LA, Oussedik E, Feldman SR. Interleukin-17 inhibition: role in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018;29(1):13-18.
49. Papp KA, Merola JF, Gottlieb AB, et al. Dual neutralization of both interleukin 17A and interleukin 17F with bimekizumab in patients with psoriasis: Results from BE ABLE 1, a 12-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(2):277-286 e210.
14. Gooderham M, Posso-De Los Rios CJ, Rubio-Gomez GA, Papp K. Interleukin- 17 (IL-17) inhibitors in the treatment of plaque psoriasis: a review. Skin Therapy Lett. 2015;20(1):1-5.
15. Kirkham BW, Kavanaugh A, Reich K. Interleukin-17A: a unique pathway in immune-mediated diseases: psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology. 2014;141(2):133-142.
16. Girolomoni G, Mrowietz U, Paul C. Psoriasis: rationale for targeting interleukin- 17. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(4):717-724.
17. Johnston A, Fritz Y, Dawes SM, et al. Keratinocyte overexpression of IL-17C promotes psoriasiform skin inflammation. J Immunol. 2013;190(5):2252- 2262.
18. Senra L, Mylonas A, Kavanagh RD, et al. IL-17E (IL-25) enhances innate immune responses during skin inflammation. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(8):1732-1742.e17.
19. Lowes MA, Russell CB, Martin DA, Towne JE, Krueger JG. The IL-23/T17 pathogenic axis in psoriasis is amplified by keratinocyte responses. Trends Immunol. 2013;34(4):174-181.
20. Johansen C, Usher PA, Kjellerup RB, Lundsgaard D, Iversen L, Kragballe K. Characterization of the interleukin-17 isoforms and receptors in lesional psoriatic skin. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(2):319-324.
21. Roman M, Chiu MW. Spotlight on brodalumab in the treatment of moderate- to-severe plaque psoriasis: design, development, and potential place in therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:2065-2075.
22. Kagami S, Rizzo HL, Lee JJ, Koguchi Y, Blauvelt A. Circulating Th17, Th22, and Th1 cells are increased in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130(5):1373- 1383.
23. Leonardi CL, Gordon KB. New and emerging therapies in psoriasis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2014;33(2 suppl 2):S37-41.
24. Chiricozzi A, Romanelli P, Volpe E, Borsellino G, Romanelli M. Scanning the Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(1).
25. Miossec P, Kolls JK. Targeting IL-17 and TH17 cells in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012;11(10):763-776.
26. Leonardi C, Matheson R, Zachariae C, et al. Anti-interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody ixekizumab in chronic plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(13):1190-1199.
27. Papp KA, Leonardi C, Menter A, et al. Brodalumab, an anti-interleukin-17-receptor antibody for psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(13):1181-1189.
28. Russell CB, Rand H, Bigler J, et al. Gene expression profiles normalized in psoriatic skin by treatment with brodalumab, a human anti-IL-17 receptor monoclonal antibody. J Immunol. 2014;192(8):3828-3836.
29. Langley RG, Elewski BE, Lebwohl M, et al. Secukinumab in plaque psoriasis- -results of two phase 3 trials. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(4):326-338.
30. Liu L, Lu J, Allan BW, et al. Generation and characterization of ixekizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that neutralizes interleukin-17A. J Inflamm Res. 2016;9:39-50.
31. Harding FA, Stickler MM, Razo J, DuBridge RB. The immunogenicity of humanized and fully human antibodies: residual immunogenicity resides in the CDR regions. MAbs. 2010;2(3):256-265.
32. Silberstein S, Lenz R, Xu C. Therapeutic Monoclonal antibodies: what headache specialists need to know. Headache. 2015;55(8):1171-1182.
33. Papp KA, Reid C, Foley P, et al. Anti-IL-17 receptor antibody AMG 827 leads to rapid clinical response in subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis: results from a phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(10):2466-2469.
34. Tomalin LE, Russell C, Garcet S, et al. IL-17 receptor A inhibition with brodalumab rapidly normalizes molecular and cellular phenotype of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis vulgaris. 27th European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Congress; September 16-18, 2018; Paris, France.
35. Hueber W, Patel DD, Dryja T, et al. Effects of AIN457, a fully human antibody to interleukin-17A, on psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and uveitis. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2(52):52ra72.
36. Krueger JG, Fretzin S, Suárez-Fariñas M, et al. IL-17A is essential for cell activation and inflammatory gene circuits in subjects with psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(1):145-154.e149.
37. Gordon KB, Blauvelt A, Papp KA, et al. Phase 3 trials of ixekizumab in moderate- to-severe plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):345-356.
38. Lebwohl M, Strober B, Menter A, et al. Phase 3 studies comparing brodalumab with ustekinumab in psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(14):1318- 1328.
39. Papp KA, Reich K, Paul C, et al. A prospective phase III, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of brodalumab in patients with moderate-tosevere plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2016;175(2):273-286.
40. Griffiths CE, Reich K, Lebwohl M, et al. Comparison of ixekizumab with etanercept or placebo in moderate-to-severe psoriasis (UNCOVER-2and UNCOVER-3): results from two phase 3 randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;386(9993):541-551.
41. Menter A, Tyring SK, Gordon K, et al. Adalimumab therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis: A randomized, controlled phase III trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(1):106-115.
42. Papp KA, Tyring S, Lahfa M, et al. A global phase III randomized controlled trial of etanercept in psoriasis: safety, efficacy, and effect of dose reduction. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152(6):1304-1312.
43. Reich K, Nestle FO, Papp K, et al. Infliximab induction and maintenance therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a phase III, multicentre, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9494):1367-1374.
44. Papp KA, Lebwohl MG. Onset of action of biologics in patients with moderate- to-severe psoriasis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;17(3):247-250.
45. Menter A, Strober BE, Kaplan DH, et al. Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):1029-1072.
46. Saunte DM, Mrowietz U, Puig L, Zachariae C. Candida infections in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treated with interleukin-17 inhibitors and their practical management. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(1):47-62.
47. Frieder J, Kivelevitch D, Fiore CT, Saad S, Menter A. The impact of biologic agents on health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with psoriasis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2018;14(1):1-19.
48. Hohenberger M, Cardwell LA, Oussedik E, Feldman SR. Interleukin-17 inhibition: role in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018;29(1):13-18.
49. Papp KA, Merola JF, Gottlieb AB, et al. Dual neutralization of both interleukin 17A and interleukin 17F with bimekizumab in patients with psoriasis: Results from BE ABLE 1, a 12-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(2):277-286 e210.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Lawrence Green MD drgreen@looking-younger.com
