REFERENCES
1. Berman B, Bhatia N, Piacquadio D, et al. Efficacy of aminolevulinic acid 20 % solution photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratoses on the upper extremities: A post hoc analysis of a phase 3, randomized, vehiclecontrolled trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020;32:102013.
2. Cerio R, Dirschka T, Dreno B, et al. Actinic keratosis, a chronic, progressive disease: Understanding clinical gaps to optimise patient management. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(8):997-998.
3. de Berker D, McGregor JM, Mohd Mustapa MF, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the care of patients with actinic keratosis 2017. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(1):20-43.
4. Del Rosso JQ, Kircik L, Goldenberg G, Brian B. Comprehensive management of actinic keratoses: practical integration of available therapies with a review of a newer treatment approach. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(9 Suppl S2-S12):S2-S12.
5. Criscione VD, Weinstock MA, Naylor MF, et al. Actinic keratoses: Natural history and risk of malignant transformation in the Veterans Affairs Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention Trial. Cancer. 2009;115(11):2523-2530.
6. Sachdeva S. Fitzpatrick skin typing: applications in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2009;75(1):93-96.
7. Poulin Y, Lynde CW, Barber K, et al. Non-melanoma skin cancer in Canada chapter 3: Management of actinic keratoses. J Cutan Med Surg. 2015;19(3):227-238.
8. Peris K, Calzavara-Pinton PG, Neri L, et al. Italian expert consensus for the management of actinic keratosis in immunocompetent patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(7):1077-1084.
9. Werner RN, Stockfleth E, Connolly SM, et al. Evidence- and consensus-based (S3) Guidelines for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis - International League of Dermatological Societies in cooperation with the European Dermatology Forum - Short version. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(11):2069- 2079.
10. Hofbauer G, Anliker M, Boehncke WH, et al. Swiss clinical practice guidelines on field cancerization of the skin. Swiss Med Wkly. 2014;144:w14026.
11. Richard MA, Amici JM, Basset-Seguin N, et al. Management of actinic keratosis at specific body sites in patients at high risk of carcinoma lesions: expert consensus from the AKTeam of expert clinicians. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(3):339-346.
12. PharmaLetter T. Denmark’s LEO Pharma initiates Picato phase-out. 2020; https://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/denmark-s-leo-pharma-initiatespicato- phase-out. Accessed March 10, 2021.
13. Fleming P, Zhou S, Bobotsis R, Lynde C. Comparison of the treatment guidelines for actinic keratosis: A critical appraisal and review. J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(5):408-417.
14. Almirall. Almirall announces FDA approval of Klisyri® (tirbanibulin), a new innovative topical treatment for actinic keratosis. 2020; https://www.almirall. com/newsroom/news/almirall-announces-fda-approval-of-klisyri%C2%AEtirbanibulin- a-new-innovative-topical-treatment-for-actinic-keratosis. Accessed March 10, 2021.
15. Brian Jiang SI, Kempers S, Rich P, et al. A randomized, vehicle-controlled phase 3 study of aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for the treatment of actinic keratoses on the upper extremities. Dermatol Surg. 2019;45(7):890-897.
16. Ozog DM, Rkein AM, Fabi SG, et al. Photodynamic therapy: A clinical consensus guide. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(7):804-827.
17. Borgia F, Giuffrida R, Caradonna E, et al. Early and late onset side effects of photodynamic therapy. Biomedicines. 2018;6(1).
18. Levulan Kerastick [product label]. Sun Dermatology W, MA. March 2018.
19. Piacquadio DJ, Chen DM, Farber HF, et al. Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid topical solution and visible blue light in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: investigator-blinded, phase 3, multicenter trials. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140(1):41-46.
20. Tschen EH, Wong DS, Pariser DM, et al. Photodynamic therapy using aminolaevulinic acid for patients with nonhyperkeratotic actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: phase IV multicentre clinical trial with 12-month follow up. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155(6):1262-1269.
21. Piacquadio D, Houlihan A, Ferdon MB, et al. A randomized trial of broad area ALA-PDT for field cancerization mitigation in high-risk patients. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(5):452-458.
2. Cerio R, Dirschka T, Dreno B, et al. Actinic keratosis, a chronic, progressive disease: Understanding clinical gaps to optimise patient management. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(8):997-998.
3. de Berker D, McGregor JM, Mohd Mustapa MF, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the care of patients with actinic keratosis 2017. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(1):20-43.
4. Del Rosso JQ, Kircik L, Goldenberg G, Brian B. Comprehensive management of actinic keratoses: practical integration of available therapies with a review of a newer treatment approach. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(9 Suppl S2-S12):S2-S12.
5. Criscione VD, Weinstock MA, Naylor MF, et al. Actinic keratoses: Natural history and risk of malignant transformation in the Veterans Affairs Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention Trial. Cancer. 2009;115(11):2523-2530.
6. Sachdeva S. Fitzpatrick skin typing: applications in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2009;75(1):93-96.
7. Poulin Y, Lynde CW, Barber K, et al. Non-melanoma skin cancer in Canada chapter 3: Management of actinic keratoses. J Cutan Med Surg. 2015;19(3):227-238.
8. Peris K, Calzavara-Pinton PG, Neri L, et al. Italian expert consensus for the management of actinic keratosis in immunocompetent patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(7):1077-1084.
9. Werner RN, Stockfleth E, Connolly SM, et al. Evidence- and consensus-based (S3) Guidelines for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis - International League of Dermatological Societies in cooperation with the European Dermatology Forum - Short version. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(11):2069- 2079.
10. Hofbauer G, Anliker M, Boehncke WH, et al. Swiss clinical practice guidelines on field cancerization of the skin. Swiss Med Wkly. 2014;144:w14026.
11. Richard MA, Amici JM, Basset-Seguin N, et al. Management of actinic keratosis at specific body sites in patients at high risk of carcinoma lesions: expert consensus from the AKTeam of expert clinicians. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(3):339-346.
12. PharmaLetter T. Denmark’s LEO Pharma initiates Picato phase-out. 2020; https://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/denmark-s-leo-pharma-initiatespicato- phase-out. Accessed March 10, 2021.
13. Fleming P, Zhou S, Bobotsis R, Lynde C. Comparison of the treatment guidelines for actinic keratosis: A critical appraisal and review. J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(5):408-417.
14. Almirall. Almirall announces FDA approval of Klisyri® (tirbanibulin), a new innovative topical treatment for actinic keratosis. 2020; https://www.almirall. com/newsroom/news/almirall-announces-fda-approval-of-klisyri%C2%AEtirbanibulin- a-new-innovative-topical-treatment-for-actinic-keratosis. Accessed March 10, 2021.
15. Brian Jiang SI, Kempers S, Rich P, et al. A randomized, vehicle-controlled phase 3 study of aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for the treatment of actinic keratoses on the upper extremities. Dermatol Surg. 2019;45(7):890-897.
16. Ozog DM, Rkein AM, Fabi SG, et al. Photodynamic therapy: A clinical consensus guide. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(7):804-827.
17. Borgia F, Giuffrida R, Caradonna E, et al. Early and late onset side effects of photodynamic therapy. Biomedicines. 2018;6(1).
18. Levulan Kerastick [product label]. Sun Dermatology W, MA. March 2018.
19. Piacquadio DJ, Chen DM, Farber HF, et al. Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid topical solution and visible blue light in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: investigator-blinded, phase 3, multicenter trials. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140(1):41-46.
20. Tschen EH, Wong DS, Pariser DM, et al. Photodynamic therapy using aminolaevulinic acid for patients with nonhyperkeratotic actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: phase IV multicentre clinical trial with 12-month follow up. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155(6):1262-1269.
21. Piacquadio D, Houlihan A, Ferdon MB, et al. A randomized trial of broad area ALA-PDT for field cancerization mitigation in high-risk patients. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(5):452-458.
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE
Joe Gorelick MSN FNP-C jgorelick1@me.com
